11 and 0.16. These estimates are much lower than beaching probabilities estimated for seabirds killed during the Exxon Valdez oil spill in the waters of Alaska, for example, likely reflect higher rates of decomposition and scavenging in the warmer waters of the Gulf of Mexico. Our estimate suggests that bird carcasses that washed onshore during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill represented only 14% of those killed at sea during the spill.BACKGROUND Responsiveness to erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) is important for anemia management in chronic kidney disease (CKD). We assessed the effects of a continuous erythropoietin receptor activator (CERA) on renoprotection beyond anemia management and the correlation between the responsiveness to ESAs and oxidative stress markers in CKD. METHODS This single-center, prospective, observational study was conducted over 24 months. We administered CERA to 35 non-dialysis patients with hemoglobin (Hb)  less then  11 g/dL and examined the results of the serum diacron-reactive oxygen metabolite (dROMs) test for oxidative stress markers and biological antioxidant potential (BAP) test for antioxidant markers. We then examined the renoprotective effects of CERA and the responsiveness to CERA. RESULTS Eighteen patients experienced renal events (doubling of serum creatinine levels, decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate to  less then  6.0 mL/min/1.73 m2, or initiation of renal replacement therapy), seventeen of which survived. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that responsiveness to CERA during the initial 3-month treatment period was a good predictor of renal events. Moreover, a high response to CERA during the 3 months independently suppressed renal events (hazard ratio, 0.344). High BAP levels at baseline were significantly associated with high responsiveness to CERA during the initial 3-month treatment period. CONCLUSION Responsiveness to CERA during the first 3 months was an important indicator of CKD progression. Moreover, BAP test results determined responsiveness to CERA. click here This is the first report to show how antioxidant levels can be a potential marker of CERA’s ability to control anemia in CKD patients.Co-delivery of two different therapeutics (miRNA-1284 and cisplatin (CDDP)) into the cancer cells in a single nanocarrier provides new dimension to the cancer treatment. In this study, we have designed the CD59sp-conjugated miRNA-1284/cisplatin(CDDP)-loaded liposomes for the enhanced therapeutic effect against cervical cancers. Compared with miRNA-1284/CDDP-loaded liposomes (LP-miCDDP), CD59 antibody-conjugated LP-miCDDP (CD/LP-miCDDP) showed a significantly higher cytotoxicity in HeLa cells. Notably, MiR-1284 showed a typical concentration-dependent cell killing effect in the cervical cancer cells owing to the downregulation of HMGB1. Flow cytometer analysis showed that CD/LP-miCDDP resulted in maximum apoptosis effect (~ 60%) compared to CDDP (~ 20%) or miR-1284 (~ 12%) treated cells indicating the superior anticancer effect in the cancer cells. Importantly, CD/LP-miCDDP significantly prolonged the blood circulation of encapsulated drug in rats with AUC(o-t) of CD/LP-miCDDP showed a 6.9 fold higher value than that of free CDDP. Similarly, CD/LP-miCDDP showed an eightfold decrease in the clearance (CL) and 3.6-fold higher t1/2 compared to that of free CDDP. Overall, results demonstrated that targeted and synergistic co-delivery of therapeutic components could be promising in cervical cancer therapy.The effects of ocean acidification on ecosystems remain poorly understood, because it is difficult to simulate the effects of elevated CO2 on entire marine communities. Natural systems enriched in CO2 are being used to help understand the long-term effects of ocean acidification in situ. Here, we compared biofilm bacterial communities on intertidal cobbles/boulders and bedrock along a seawater CO2 gradient off Japan. Samples sequenced for 16S rRNA showed differences in bacterial communities with different pCO2 and between habitat types. In both habitats, bacterial diversity increased in the acidified conditions. Differences in pCO2 were associated with differences in the relative abundance of the dominant phyla. However, despite the differences in community composition, there was no indication that these changes would be significant for nutrient cycling and ecosystem function. As well as direct effects of seawater chemistry on the biofilm, increased microalgal growth and decreased grazing may contribute to the shift in bacterial composition at high CO2, as documented by other studies. Thus, the effects of changes in bacterial community composition due to globally increasing pCO2 levels require further investigation to assess the implications for marine ecosystem function. However, the apparent lack of functional shifts in biofilms along the pCO2 gradient is a reassuring indicator of stability of their ecosystem functions in shallow ocean margins.PURPOSE Distal thoracic kyphosis (DTK) equivalent to proximal lumbar lordosis (PLL) is the sum of pelvic tilt (PT) and the difference (Δ) between lumbar lordosis (LL) and pelvic incidence (PI) PLL = DTK = PT + Δ. With the assumption that proximal thoracic kyphosis (PTK) is similar to DTK, we propose the equation TK = 2(PT + LL - PI) to express the relationship between thoracic kyphosis (TK) and pelvic parameters. The objective of this work is to verify this relationship in a normal population. METHODS Full spine radiographs of 100 adolescents and young adults (13 to 20 years old), free from vertebral pathology, were analyzed. Measurements included pelvic parameters, LL, PLL, DLL, TK, PTK, DTK and C7 global tilt. The measured global TK was compared with the theoretical TK calculated according to the formula TK = 2(PT + LL - PI). RESULTS The difference between measured TK and calculated TK was + 2.3° and correlated with the C7 global tilt (r = 0.86). There was a significant linear regression between TK and PT + ∆ (p  less then  0.0001). Given radiographs’ inter-rater reliability of 5° for angled measurements, the p value (0.047) between measured TK and calculated TK is statistically significant to support the hypothesis. CONCLUSION This work validates the formula TK = 2(PT + LL - PI) which allows the calculation of global TK as a function of PT, LL and PI. This calculated TK can be used as a target for sagittal correction of adolescents with spine deformities. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.