All-solid-state thin film lithium batteries (TFBs) are proposed as the ideal power sources for microelectronic devices. However, the high-temperature (>500 °C) annealing process of cathode films, such as LiCoO2 and LiMn2 O4, restricts the on-chip integration and potential applications of TFBs. Herein, tunnel structured Lix MnO2 nanosheet arrays are fabricated as 3D cathode for TFBs by a facile electrolyte Li+ ion infusion method at very low temperature of 180 °C. Featuring an interesting tunnel intergrowth structure consisting of alternating 1 × 3 and 1 × 2 tunnels, the Lix MnO2 cathode shows high specific capacity with good structural stability between 2.0 and 4.3 V (vs. Li+ /Li). By utilizing the 3D Lix MnO2 cathode, all-solid-state Lix MnO2 /LiPON/Li TFB (3DLMO-TFB) has been successfully constructed with prominent advantages of greatly enriched cathode/electrolyte interface and shortened Li+ diffusion length in the 3D structure. Consequently, the 3DLMO-TFB device exhibits large specific capacity (185 mAh g-1 at 50 mA g-1 ), good rate performance, and excellent cycle performance (81.3% capacity retention after 1000 cycles), outperforming the TFBs using spinel LiMn2 O4 thin film cathodes fabricated at high temperature. Importantly, the low-temperature preparation of high-performance cathode film enables the fabrication of TFBs on various rigid and flexible substrates, which could greatly expand their potential applications in microelectronics.The synthesis and isolation of alkynyl/chloride-protected gold nanoclusters is described. Silica gel column chromatography is effective in isolating gold nanoclusters from the as-synthesized cluster mixture to give the clusters Na[Au25 L18 ] (Au25 ), [HNEt3 ]3 [Au67 L32 Cl4 ] (Au67 ), [HNEt3 ]4 [Au106 L40 Cl12 ] (Au106 ), L=3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-phenylacetylide. Au67 and Au106 are new clusters; the structures were determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Au67 contains a distorted Au18 Marks decahedron shelled by an irregular Au32 and further protected with two V-shaped Au2 L3 , 13 linear AuL2 staples and 4 chlorides. Au67 is the first structurally determined 34e superatomic gold nanocluster. Au106 is composed of 106 Au atoms co-protected by alkynyls and chlorides. It has a Au79 kernel, like in Au102 (p-MBA)44 . The surface structure of Au106 includes 20 linear Au-alkynyl staples, 5 Cl-Au-Cl and 2 Cl-Au motifs. These three gold nanoclusters show size-dependent electrochemical properties.Closed-shell light-emitting diodes (LEDs) suffer from the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) limitation imposed by optically inactive triplet excitons. Here, an unrevealed emission mechanism of lead halide perovskites (LHPs) APbX3 (A = Cs/CN2 H5 ; X = Cl/Br/I) that circumvents the efficiency limit of closed-shell LEDs is explored. Though efficient emission is prohibited by optically inactive J = 0 in inversion symmetric LHPs, the anharmonicity arising from stereochemistry of Pb and resonant orbital-bonding network along the imaginary A+… X- (T1u ) transverse optical (TO) modes, breaks inversion symmetry, introducing disorder and Rashba-Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling (RD-SOC). This results in bright cohelical and dark antihelical excitons. Many-body theory and first-principles calculations show that the optically active cohelical exciton is the lowest excited state in organic/inorganic LHPs. BODIPY 493/503 supplier Thus, RD-SOC can drive to achieve the ideal 50% IQE by utilizing anharmonicity, much over the 25% IQE limitation for closed-shell LEDs.Currently, our environment is contaminated with various toxic substances. Removal of such hazardous materials from water, air and fuel is important for sustainability. In this minireview, adsorptive removal of organic substances, by using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), for our safe environment will be discussed. For example, removal of (i) pharmaceuticals/personal care products, pesticides, and dyes from water; (ii) S- or N-containing compounds from liquid fuel; and (iii) volatile organic compounds from air will be summarized. Moreover, plausible mechanisms to explain the observation will also be discussed. Finally, prospects in the field will be suggested for further research and development.Although strong acid-treated metal oxides are useful heterogeneous superacid catalysts for various organic transformations, they usually have a limited density of acidic sites due to their low surface areas. Herein, heterogeneous trifluoromethanesulfonic acid immobilized nitrogen-doped carbon-incarcerated titanium nanoparticle (NP) catalysts have been developed that are composed of well-dispersed, small Ti NPs (ca 7 nm) that are otherwise difficult to achieve using acid-treated metal oxides. The catalysts showed high activity for Friedel-Crafts acylation with low titanium loading (2 mol%, less then 1 mg of metal for 1 mmol of substrate). A range of microscopic, spectroscopic and physicochemical studies revealed that the nitrogen-doped carbon immobilized the trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and that the addition of metals further changed the nature of the acidic species and enhanced catalytic activity.

Silver nitrate cauterisation is the conventional treatment for peritoneal dialysis catheter exit-site granulomas. However, it requires to be performed by nurses, patients often experience pain and chemical burns. Therefore, the appropriateness and applicability of using 2% aqueous chlorhexidine swabstick as an alternative was explored in two nephrology centres in Hong Kong.

To examine possibility of conducting full trial using chlorhexidine swabstick compared with silver nitrate.

A pilot study.

Fort-four patients with exit-site granulomas were equally, randomly allocated to receive chlorhexidine swabstick or silver nitrate.

Both groups were followed for 6 weeks to evaluate the time of granuloma subsidence and adverse effects. Pain and treatment satisfaction were assessed using numerical rating scale and self-developed questionnaire, respectively.

Healing rates were 94.4% (17 of 18) using chlorhexidine swabstick,100% (21 of 21) using silver nitrate (p = 0.46). The mean time of granuloma subsidence was significantly longer when using chlorhexidine swabstick (32.