ination of an annual statewide antibiogram, which has fostered public health-clinical partnerships and built a foundation for future state-coordinated antibiotic stewardship. This process serves as a model for other jurisdictions that are considering antibiogram development.

A key goal of schools and programs of public health is to prepare graduates for careers in the public health workforce after graduation, but are they achieving this goal? We assessed how the employment outcomes of students earning public health degrees are collected and described in the literature.

Using the Kirkpatrick model of training evaluation as a framework, we conducted a 6-step scoping review (1) formulating the research question, (2) identifying relevant studies, (3) selecting studies, (4) charting the data, (5) collating and summarizing the results, and (6) consulting stakeholders. We included articles published from January 1, 1993, through July 4, 2020, that provided data on employment status, employment sector/industry, job function, or salary of public health graduates. We excluded articles that were not written in English and were about dual-degree (ie, doctor of medicine-master of public health) students. We found and reviewed 630 articles.

We found 33 relevant articles. Most articles focused on a single school and combined multiple graduating classes, focused on subspecializations of public health, or focused on graduates’ satisfaction with their curriculum but not employment outcomes. Data were inconsistently categorized, and studies were difficult to compare.

Research on public health graduates’ employment outcomes is scarce and does not follow consistent protocols. New standards should be adopted to systematize the collection of data on employment outcomes of public health graduates.

Research on public health graduates’ employment outcomes is scarce and does not follow consistent protocols. New standards should be adopted to systematize the collection of data on employment outcomes of public health graduates.Rhizome rot or soft rot disease is one of the major problems in banana (Musa spp.) cultivation, as it causes germination failure and death of early stage plants. A roving survey conducted during 2017 to 2019 in the major banana growing states of India indicated a 5-30% incidence of rhizome rot in commercial cultivars. The symptoms observed were yellowing of leaves, necrotic drying with or without heart rot, and yellow or brown water soaked spots with dark brown margins in the rhizomes. Decay of tissues, cavity formation and brown ooze with foul smell, and toppling were also observed. To isolate bacteria, dissected diseased tissues were surface sterilized and plated on Crystal Violet Pectate (CVP) medium. ADH-1 in vivo Of 60 samples plated on CVP medium, three samples collected from cvs. NeyPoovan-AB (Karur, Tamil Nadu, 10°56’36.8″N;78°24’12.5″E), Grand Naine-AAA (Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 10°47’26.1″N;78°34’14.8″E) and Thellachakkarakeli-AAA (East-Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, 16°51’32.1″N;81°46’08.4″E), did not yield any bulates were proved by re-isolation and identification.To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of K. variicola causing rhizome rot disease of banana in India.Anthracnose is an important disease of grapevines caused by the fungus Elsinoë ampelina. In recent years, there have been regular outbreaks in humid grape-growing regions around the world. Young leaves and berries are reported to be highly susceptible to E. ampelina, but detailed and seasonal development of age-related susceptibility remains unclear. Experiments were conducted under greenhouse and vineyard conditions by inoculating 1 to-19-day-old leaves, flowers and berries at different phenological stages of three grapevine cultivars (Vandal-Cliche, Marquette and Vidal). Leaf susceptibility was highest when inoculated at 1-2 days old, and inoculated leaves were moderately susceptible at 3-6 days old and almost resistant when older than 6 days. The influence of leaf age on anthracnose relative severity was adequately described by an exponential decay model. The susceptibility of the inflorescences was high when inoculated from their initiation to the full flowering (50% fall of the caps), and the inflorescences/flowers were moderately susceptible until veraison, after which the berries were practically resistant. The flower/berry susceptibility as a function of degree-days accumulated since April 1 was modeled using a sigmoid model. Based on this model, 50% disease incidence is reached when 656, 543 and 550 degree days are accumulated for the cultivars Vandal-Cliche, Marquette and Vidal, respectively. These results suggest that the risk of anthracnose development is high from bud-break to fruit set, and on newly-emerged leaves either early in the season or following pruning. More knowledge on anthracnose epidemiology is needed, but these results could be used to improve timing of fungicide applications and pruning activities.Core rot is a major postharvest disease of apple fruit that occurs worldwide and is caused by a complex of fungi. Despite the importance of the disease, little is known about its etiology in Greece. In the current study, 325 fungal isolates obtained from fruit with core rot symptoms were identified to the species level using morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis. Fungal identification revealed that Alternaria alternata was the major disease agent (57.8% of the isolates), followed by Kalmusia variispora (27.8%) Botrytis cinerea (12%), and Fusarium spp. (3.3%). K. variispora is reported for the first time as an agent of core rot of apple and its pathogenicity was confirmed by artificial inoculation tests. In addition to disease etiology, field experiments were performed at 2 different orchards for 3 consecutive years (2017-2019). Experiments were conducted to determine the effectiveness of several classes of fungicides and the timing of application for control of the disease. Greater efficacy was achieved when fungicides were applied at the petal fall stage (flowers fading BBCH 67), while the most effective fungicides were the SDHI inhibitors fluxapyroxad, fluopyram, adepidyn and penthiopyrad. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the optimization of disease management and reduce the yield losses caused by core rot pathogens in Greece.