Hypodermic needles and syringes are currently the main route of the transdermal administration. Many complaints associated with needle-stick injuries, needle phobia, and needle abuse have motivated the development of alternative drug delivery strategies. Pneumatic needle-free injections stand out from various alternative strategies because of the convenience in adjusting the driving pressure and the injection volume. This study proposed a novel control method of the pneumatic needle-free injection for delivering larger volume drugs to the target sites at desired rates and time by controlling the driving pressure. The dynamic characteristics of this injection mode were evaluated in the impact experiments and the results confirmed the reliability of this controllable system in controlling the outlet pressure and jet velocity. The injection performances of it were compared with that of other injection modes through in vivo and in vitro experiments. This controllable system was able to control the injection depth and it was more conducive to the lateral diffusion of the liquid jets in gelatin. Moreover, it could not only enlarge the diffusion of diclofenac solution in rats, but also accelerate the metabolism of diclofenac solution in rats. All experimental results confirmed the reliability of this controllable injection system. Cryopreservation was first studied in early twentieth century, and the cryopreservation of cell and tissue samples has become an inseparable process in biology research labs, helping scientists to store living materials and to accumulate specimens. Recently, a new and simplified cryopreservation product, BioFlash Drive™ SP developed by a US firm Fibulas, came to the attention of many researchers. It integrates the sample container with control-released cryoprotectant, and the container itself can achieve slow-freezing in deep freezers. This means no reagents mixing or extra steps for slow-freezing are needed. The design of this product aims to simplify the current cell-freezing procedures and reduce the lengthy and error prone processes. In this research, we compared the post-thaw cell viability using two of the most widely used protocols, with the one with BioFlash Drive™ SP (Fibulas). Cell lines tested in this research include Vero (ATCC® CCL-81™) and HEp-2 (ATCC® CCL-23™). Results show there is not statistically significant difference in cell viability between the conventional protocols and the new protocols. However, this new protocol is less manual and less time consuming. With this new method, it might be possible for researchers to archive research progress more often, because saving cell can be an easier but still reliable experience. Lysyl Oxidase Like 1 (LOXL1) is a gene that encodes for the LOXL1 enzyme. This enzyme is required for elastin biogenesis and collagen cross-linking, polymerising tropoelastin monomers into elastin polymers. Its main role is in elastin homeostasis and matrix remodelling during injury, fibrosis and cancer development. Because of its vast range of biological functions, abnormalities in LOXL1 underlie many disease processes. Decreased LOXL1 expression is observed in disorders of elastin such as Cutis Laxa and increased expression is reported in fibrotic disease such as Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. LOXL1 is also downregulated in the lamina cribrosa in pseudoexfoliation glaucoma and genetic variants in the LOXL1 gene have been linked with an increased risk of developing pseudoexfoliation glaucoma and pseudoexfoliation syndrome. RP-102124 datasheet However the two major risk alleles are reversed in certain ethnic groups and are present in a large proportion of the normal population, implying complex genetic and environmental regulation is involved in disease pathogenesis. It also appears that the non-coding variants in intron 1 of LOXL1 may be involved in the regulation of LOXL1 expression. Gene alteration may occur via a number of epigenetic and post translational mechanisms such as DNA methylation, long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs. These may represent future therapeutic targets for disease. Environmental factors such as hypoxia, oxidative stress and ultraviolet radiation exposure alter LOXL1 expression, and it is likely a combination of these genetic and environmental factors that influence disease development and progression. In this review, we discuss LOXL1 properties, biological roles and regulation in detail with a focus on pseudoexfoliation syndrome and glaucoma. Our research team was asked to consider the relationship of the neuroscience of sensorimotor control to the language of emotions and feelings. Actions are the principal means for the communication of emotions and feelings in both humans and other animals, and the allostatic mechanisms controlling action also apply to the regulation of emotional states by the self and others. We consider how motor control of hierarchically organised, feedback-based, goal-directed action has evolved in humans, within a context of consciousness, appraisal and cultural learning, to serve emotions and feelings. In our linguistic analysis, we found that many emotion and feelings words could be assigned to stages in the sensorimotor learning process, but the assignment was often arbitrary. The embodied nature of emotional communication means that action words are frequently used, but that the meanings or senses of the word depend on its contextual use, just as the relationship of an action to an emotion is also contextually dependent. Omega-3 fatty acids are vital for brain development. The aim of this meta-analysis was to broaden current knowledge of the effects of omega-3 supplementation on cognitive test performance in youths. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) meeting selection criteria were identified through two independent literature searches on PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycARTICLES and PsycINFO (last search June 2019). Twenty-nine out of 1126 studies assessing 4247 participants met all selection criteria. A meta-analysis using random-effects model was performed for eight different cognitive domains. This first analysis revealed no main effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on domain-specific cognitive test performance in youths. Subgroup analyses identified beneficial effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-rich but not docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich formulations in the domains of long-term memory, working memory and problem solving and a tendency towards beneficial effects in clinical rather than non-clinical populations.