A portable neutron tube was introduced as a small-sized (weight≤14.4 kg, power consumption ≤50W and cost≤ $100,000) neutron accelerator and applied for irradiation therapy on cancer. The effect of growth-inhibiting in vitro by neutrons irradiation on HeLa cells (human cervical cancer cells) was evaluated by colony formation assays, and cell apoptosis was evaluated by Flow Cytometry. A polyethylene protection device as the neutron moderator was designed and connected to the neutron tube to shield normal tissue and organs of the test animals from scatter radiation. Hematology and blood biochemistry were investigated to evaluate the protective effect of polyethylene. U14 (mice cervical cancer cell) tumor-bearing mice were further investigated to determine the tumor suppression effect of neutron irradiation. We found that cells showed a dose-dependent relationship after fast neutrons irradiation at different dose (1.11 Gy, 2.23 Gy, 3.34 Gy and 4.45Gy). Furthermore, in vivo experiments showed that the anti-tumor effect on U14 tumor-bearing mice greatly depended on the neutron irradiation dose. A high dose of fast neutron irradiation (26.73 Gy) could have tumor growth rate only 12.31% compared to 56.07% with control group. All the blood cell counts and blood biochemistry parameters were in the standard value ranges. Immunohistochemistry examinations clearly indicated the apoptosis cells in tumor tissues by the TUNEL assay. This work provides useful evidences on cancer irradiation therapy using fast neutron in pre-clinical study. And the neutron therapy system device has great potential to be a more convenient tool in clinical application with significantly lower power consumption, irradiation toxicity and cost. X-ray, γ-ray and charged particle interaction parameters of biomolecules are useful in medical diagnosis and radiation therapy as exposure to radiations can cause energy of photons and charged particles to be deposited in body through various interaction processes. With this in view, the effective atomic number (Zeff) and electron density (Neff) of some biologically important lipids for X-ray, γ-ray and charged particle interactions were studied in the energy range 10 keV-500 MeV using logarithmic interpolation method. A non-monotonic variation in Zeff values was observed for protons and alpha particles in low and intermediate energy regions respectively whereas a sudden increase in Zeff was observed for electron interaction in higher energy region. Zeff values were maximum in higher energy region for total electron interactions whereas maximum values of Zeff for total alpha particle interactions were at relatively lower energies. Highest Zeff values were found at lower energy region of photoelectric absorption dominance for photon interactions. Variation in Neff seems to be similar to variation in Zeff as they are inter-related. For the imaging using low energy pure beta-emitting radionuclides, autoradiography is used by slicing the subjects because the range of beta particles is short and thought to be impossible to detect beta particles from outside the subjects. Contrary to this scientific consensus, we recently found that the distributions of C-14 could be measured by detecting the bremsstrahlung X-rays emitted from the solution of C-14 and may also be applicable to lower energy pure beta-emitting radionuclide, H-3. Although the detection of bremsstrahlung X-rays emitted from H-3 and C-14 may be a possible method for in-vivo imaging of small animals, the absorption of the bremsstrahlung X-rays in the subjects are significant because the energy of bremsstrahlung X-rays is relatively low. In addition, the generations of bremsstrahlung X-rays are lower for low energy beta particles. They may make the in-vivo imaging of these beta radionuclides difficult. To clarify these points for the in-vivo imaging of bremsstrahlung X-rays emittels by detecting the bremsstrahlung X-rays emitted from H-3 and C-14 is possible and promising for a new molecular imaging technology. Cu is an important trace metal which plays a role in many biological processes. The radioisotope 64Cu is often used to study such processes. Furthermore, 64Cu finds applications in cancer diagnostics as well as therapy. Selleckchem Noradrenaline bitartrate monohydrate For all of these applications 64Cu having high specific activity is needed. 64Cu can be produced in cyclotrons or in nuclear reactors. In this paper we study the effect of gamma dose on the production of 64Cu according to the Szilard-Chalmers reaction using Cu(II)-phthalocyanine as a target. For this purpose, irradiations were performed in the nuclear reactor of the Delft University of Technology using a novel irradiation facility helping to limit the dose produced by gammas present in the reactor pool. The obtained 64Cu activity yield was in general above 60% in accordance to the theoretical expected value. An increase in gamma dose has no significant influence on the obtained activity yield but increases the loss of Cu from Cu(II)-phthalocyanine up to 0.9% and hence decreases the specific activity that can be obtained. However, without optimisation, when reducing the gamma dose specific activities in the order of 30 TBq/g can be achieved. The 99Mo production in a 2 MW molten salt reactor using liquid low-enriched uranium (LEU) fuel has been evaluated. The batch-wise extraction period of 99Mo is optimized to be one day corresponding to 9415 6-day Ci/week of the 99Mo production rate. The required amount of uranium is only 4.77 kg annually. The required chemically reprocessed amount of FPs is about 58.4 g annually, accounting for only 4.9% of the solid LEU target method under the identical production capacity of 99Mo. In this work, technetium-98 (98Tc) was prepared with high isotopic purity via the nuclear reaction 98Mo (p, n) 98Tc for the first time. An enriched 98Mo metal target formed by spark plasma sintering was bombarded with 9.4 MeV protons in a CS-30 cyclotron. A microgram amount of 98Tc with 99.18% isotopic purity was separated from the irradiated target by anion exchange chromatography. Additionally, a chemical procedure for recovering the enriched 98Mo with a 97% recovery rate was developed.