Introgression and hybridization are important processes in plant evolution, but they are difficult to study from a phylogenetic perspective, because they conflict with the bifurcating evolutionary history typically depicted in phylogenetic models. The role of hybridization in plant evolution is best documented in the form of allo-polyploidizations. In contrast, homoploid hybridization and introgression are less explored, although they may be crucial in adaptive radiations. Here we employ genome-wide data (ddRAD-seq, transcriptomes) to investigate the evolutionary history of Nepenthes, a radiation of c. 160 species of iconic carnivorous plants mainly from tropical Asia. Our data indicates that the main radiation is only c. 5 million years old, and confirms previous bifurcating phylogenies. However, due to a greatly expanded number of loci, we were able test for the first time the long-standing hypotheses of introgression and historical hybridization. The genus presents one very clear case of organellar capture between two distantly related but sympatric groups. Furthermore, all Nepenthes species show introgression signals in their nuclear genomes, as uncovered by a general survey of ABBA-BABA-like statistics. The ancestor of the rapid main radiation shows ancestry from two deeply diverged lineages, as indicated by phylogenetic network analyses. All major clades of the main radiation show further introgression both within and between each other, as suggested by admixture graphs. Our study supports the hypothesis that rapid adaptive radiations are hotspots of introgression in the tree of life, and highlights the need to consider non-treelike processes in evolutionary studies of Nepenthes in particular.

Resistance training is cardioprotective independent of total activity in experimental research and is prescribed to clinical populations, but is often largely neglected at population scale. Here we determine whether these benefits are relevant to general practice.

A total of 6947 Americans over 20 years old (51% male) from NHANES 2003-2006 reported resistance training and objectively tracked 1-week total activity. Activity measures were modeled as five-level predictors of objectively measured binary heart-disease risks (hypertension, dyslipidemia, overweight, and diabetes) corrected for age, ethnicity, gender, and smoking. Significance was defined as Pfor trend less than .10 that the lowest activity category differed from the average of all others. If both activity measures predicted the same risk, mutually corrected models were run.

Average total activity was 20 minutes/day (SD 24). About 30% of subjects had resistance trained in the past month, reporting up to 7 sessions/day. Prevalences of hypertensiwho combined any dose of resistance training with high total activity.

Cardioprotective associations of resistance training were comparable to those of total activity and clinically relevant at low doses. Largest benefits accrued to those who combined any dose of resistance training with high total activity.

This study examined trends over time in the prevalence of anxiety and depression among Canadian nurses 6 months before, 1-month after, and 3 months after COVID-19 was declared a pandemic.

This study adopted a repeated cross-sectional design and surveyed unionized nurses in British Columbia (BC), Canada on three occasions September 2019 (Time 1, prepandemic), April 2020 (Time 2, early-pandemic) and June 2020 (Time 3).

A total of 10,117 responses were collected across three timepoints. This study found a significant increase of 10% to 15% in anxiety and depression between Time 1 and 2, and relative stability between Time 2 and 3, with Time 3 levels still higher than Time 1 levels. Cross-sector analyses showed similar patterns of findings for acute care and community nurses. Long-term care nurses showed a two-fold increase in the prevalence of anxiety early pandemic, followed by a sharper decline mid pandemic.

COVID-19 has had short- and mid-term mental health implications for BC nurses particularly among those in the long-term care sector. Future research should evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of health workers in different contexts, such as jurisdictional analyses, and better understand the long-term health and labor market consequences of elevated mental health symptoms over an extended time period.

COVID-19 has had short- and mid-term mental health implications for BC nurses particularly among those in the long-term care sector. Future research should evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of health workers in different contexts, such as jurisdictional analyses, and better understand the long-term health and labor market consequences of elevated mental health symptoms over an extended time period.

Childhood obesity is a major global issue that causes a variety of health problems and high social costs. Many previous studies have investigated childhood obesity using cross-sectional data, but few longitudinal cohort studies have been performed, especially in the Korean population.

We analyzed the incidence and prevalence of obesity and overweight in a Korean prospective cohort study of children that were followed-up from age 7 to age 36. The study eventually recruited a total of 1216 participants, with 16 follow-up surveys over 30 years (1986-2017).

The annual incidence of obesity showed a small peak (2.1%) at age 13 when the cohort entered middle school, but a rapid increase (6.4%) when participants reached the age of 20. The prevalence of obesity and overweight at age 8 was 0.8% and 0.9%, respectively, and increased rapidly from age 12 (obesity 2.2%, overweight 4.6%), reaching 9.5% and 15.9%, respectively, at age 20. Dihydroethidium The prevalence of obesity and overweight was consistently higher in girls than in boys during the childhood period, but this trend reversed in adulthood.

Incidence and prevalence of obesity and overweight increased markedly after the final grades of elementary school in females, but after adolescence in males.

Incidence and prevalence of obesity and overweight increased markedly after the final grades of elementary school in females, but after adolescence in males.