In addition, A-TP was associated with mitral valve (MV) regurgitation, diastolic dysfunction and increased atrial and ventricular fibrotic extracellular matrix (ECM). Conclusions A-TP induced AF with concomitant LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction, increased LA volume and area, and atrial and ventricular fibrosis. Copyright © 2020 Citerni, Kirchhoff, Olsen, Sattler, Gentilini, Forni, Zannoni, Grunnet, Edvardsson, Bentzen and Diness.Feed additives are used frequently in variable combinations to maximize broiler productivity and consumer safety. Therefore, we evaluated the efficiency of feed additives used in four different diets a basal diet, a probiotic (PRO-PAC®) supplement diet, an egg yolk purified immunoglobulin Y (IgY) supplemented diet, and a combination of IgY and PRO-PAC® supplement (n = 15 for each group). We assessed the improvement of behavioral and hematological parameters of Ross broilers before and after an immune stress challenge using lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Behavioral as well as physiological parameters were analyzed. The standing frequency was the highest (P less then 0.05) in broilers supplemented with a combination of probiotics and IgY. Likewise, latency approach score to a novel object improved (P less then 0.01) in the combination group at week-3. After intraperitoneal injection of LPS, this combination group achieved the best gait score at week-3, followed by week-5, compared to birds fed the basal diet. The heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio, heterophil differential count, and eosinophil differential count in the basal diet group that was challenged with LPS were significantly increased (P less then 0.01, P less then 0.001, P less then 0.05, respectively) compared to the combination groups. Therefore, we concluded that the combination of IgY and probiotics can significantly improve the behavior and the underlying physiological parameters of Ross broilers. Consequently, this combination can improve the broilers’ health, welfare and produce a safe meat free from harmful chemical residues. Copyright © 2020 Rehan, Youssef, Abdel-Rahman, Fahmy, Ahmed, Ahmed, Maky, Diab, Shanab, Alkahtani, Abdel-Daim, Hassan, Rehan, Hussien, Eleiwa, Elnagar, Abdeen and Hesham.The diagnostic strategy for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is composed of two components required for a diagnosis of CTEPH the presence of chronic pulmonary embolism and an elevated pulmonary artery pressure. The current guidelines require that ventilation-perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (VQ-SPECT) is used for the first step diagnosis of chronic pulmonary embolism. However, VQ-SPECT exposes patients to ionizing radiation in a radiation sensitive population. The prospective, multicenter, comparative phase III diagnostic trial CTEPH diagnosis Europe – MRI (CHANGE-MRI, ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02791282) aims to demonstrate whether functional lung MRI can serve as an equal rights alternative to VQ-SPECT in a diagnostic strategy for patients with suspected CTEPH. read more Positive findings are verified with catheter pulmonary angiography or computed tomography pulmonary angiography (gold standard). For comparing the imaging methods, a co-primary endpoint is used. (i) the proportion of patients with positive MRI in the group of patients who have a positive SPECT and gold standard diagnosis for chronic pulmonary embolism and (ii) the proportion of patients with positive MRI in the group of patients with negative SPECT and gold standard. The CHANGE-MRI trial will also investigate the performance of functional lung MRI without i.v. contrast agent as an index test and identify cardiac, hemodynamic, and pulmonary MRI-derived parameters to estimate pulmonary artery pressures and predict 6-12 month survival. Ultimately, this study will provide the necessary evidence for the discussion about changes in the recommendations on the diagnostic approach to CTEPH. Copyright © 2020 Lasch, Karch, Koch, Derlin, Voskrebenzev, Alsady, Hoeper, Gall, Roller, Harth, Steiner, Krombach, Ghofrani, Rengier, Heußel, Grünig, Beitzke, Hacker, Lang, Behr, Bartenstein, Dinkel, Schmidt, Kreitner, Frauenfelder, Ulrich, Hamer, Pfeifer, Johns, Kiely, Swift, Wild and Vogel-Claussen.The human translation machinery includes three types of supramolecular complexes involved in elongation of the polypeptide chain the ribosome, complex of elongation factors eEF1B and multienzyme aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex. Of the above, eEF1B is the least investigated assembly. Recently, a number of studies provided some insights into the structure of different eEF1B subunits and changes in their expression in cancer and other diseases. There is increasing agreement that possible disease-related functions of eEF1B are not necessarily related to its role in translation. This mini-review focuses on structural and functional features of the eEF1B complex while paying special attention to possible non-canonical functions of its subunits in cancer cells. Copyright © 2020 Negrutskii.A central approach for better understanding the forces involved in maintaining protein structures is to investigate the protein folding and thermodynamic properties. The effect of the folding process is often disturbed in mutated states. To explore the dynamic properties behind mutations, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations have been widely performed, especially in unveiling the mechanism of drug failure behind mutation. When comparing wild type (WT) and mutants (MTs), the structural changes along with solvation free energy (SFE), and Gibbs free energy (GFE) are calculated after the MD simulation, to measure the effect of mutations on protein structure. Pyrazinamide (PZA) is one of the first-line drugs, effective against latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates, affecting the global TB control program 2030. Resistance to this drug emerges due to mutations in pncA and rpsA genes, encoding pyrazinamidase (PZase) and ribosomal protein S1 (RpsA) respectively. The question of how the GFE may be a measure of PZase and RpsA stabilities, has been addressed in the current review. The GFE and SFE of MTs have been compared with WT, which were already found to be PZA-resistant. WT structures attained a more stable state in comparison with MTs. The physiological effect of a mutation in PZase and RpsA may be due to the difference in energies. This difference between WT and MTs, depicted through GFE plots, might be useful in predicting the stability and PZA-resistance behind mutation. This study provides useful information for better management of drug resistance, to control the global TB problem. Copyright © 2020 Khan, Ali, Zeb, Kaushik, Malik and Wei.