001), the extract of

significantly reduced ROS and cell apoptosis at concentrations ranging from 6.25 to 25 μg/mL (p<0.01 and p<0.001 respectively). Also, the extract significantly reduced MDA level in comparison with 6-OHDA (p<0.001). The GSH level and SOD activity were increased by the extract.

Findings of the current study showed that

exerts it effect through inhibiting oxidative stress parameters and it can be considered a promising candidate to be used in combination with the conventional medications for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease.

Findings of the current study showed that A. VX-445 modulator absinthium exerts it effect through inhibiting oxidative stress parameters and it can be considered a promising candidate to be used in combination with the conventional medications for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease.

Investigation of the antiglycation and antitumoral potential of standardized and saponins-enriched extracts of

herbal medicine.

The procedures for the evaluation of the antiglycation activity of the standardized (TtSE) and saponins-enriched (TtEE) extracts of

were determination of relative mobility in electrophoresis (RME), free amino groups using OPA method and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) fluorescence. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH radical scavenging test.

antitumor activity of TtSE and TtEE was evaluated in human tumor cell lines.

The results were obtained by antiglycation tests (RME, OPA method and AGEs fluorescence determination), using BSA as protein and ribose as glycation agent, and antioxidant assay (DPPH test); it was verified that both extracts of

have antiglycation and antioxidant activity. In addition, the extracts were able to induce death of more than 50% of human tumor cell lines.

The present study showed that standardized and saponins-enriched extracts of

herbal medicine present antiglycation and antioxidant and antiproliferative action in human tumor cells lines. The saponins-enriched extract proved a greater antiglycation and antioxidant activity in comparison to the standardized type.

The present study showed that standardized and saponins-enriched extracts of T. terrestris herbal medicine present antiglycation and antioxidant and antiproliferative action in human tumor cells lines. The saponins-enriched extract proved a greater antiglycation and antioxidant activity in comparison to the standardized type.

This investigation was carried out with an aim of exploring neuroprotection by naringin (Nar) in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CI/R) injury and its mechanism.

Rats were grouped into ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), sham operation (Sham), nimodipine control (NIM), and different doses of Nar (Nar-L, Nar-M, Nar-H) groups. With Zea Longa score for assessment of neurological deficits, dry and wet method for measurement of brain tissue water content, and (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride) TTC staining for determination of cerebral infarction volume, the related parameters were obtained and compared. Subsequently, ELISA was introduced to detect levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-8) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) in the serum as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) activities in brain tissue. Western blot was applied to evaluate endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related proteins expression, including glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), caspase-12, and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF-6).

Nar significantly alleviated nerve injury and decreased brain tissue water content and brain infraction volume in CI/R injury rats in a concentration-dependent manner. Reduction of TNF-α, IL-8 as well as MDA content and elevation of IL-10 as well as SOD activity were confirmed to be caused by Nar treatment in a concentration-dependent manner. Meanwhile, ERS-related proteins also markedly decreased in the Nar groups.

Nar may achieve neuroprotection and alleviation of CI/R injury by anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and inhibiting ERS, and its efficacy is concentration-dependent.

Nar may achieve neuroprotection and alleviation of CI/R injury by anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and inhibiting ERS, and its efficacy is concentration-dependent.Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in which activated immune cells attack the CNS and cause inflammation and demyelination. While the etiology of MS is still largely unknown, the interaction between hormones and the immune system plays a role in disease progression, but the mechanisms by which this occurs are incompletely understood. Several in vitro and in vivo experimental, but also clinical studies, have addressed the possible role of the endocrine system in susceptibility and severity of autoimmune diseases. Although there are several demyelinating models, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the oldest and most commonly used model for MS in laboratory animals which enables researchers to translate their findings from EAE into human. Evidences imply that there is great heterogeneity in the susceptibility to the induction, the method of induction, and the response to various immunological or pharmacological interventions, which led to conflicting results on the role of specific hormones in the EAE model. In this review, we address the role of endocrine system in EAE model to provide a comprehensive view and a better understanding of the interactions between the endocrine and the immune systems in various models of EAE, to open up a ground for further detailed studies in this field by considering and comparing the results and models used in previous studies.

Return to work (RTW) is an important milestone of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) recovery. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether baseline clinical variables, three-month RTW, and three-month postconcussional symptoms (PCS) were associated with six-month RTW after mTBI.

Adult subjects from the prospective multicenter Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury Pilot study with mTBI (Glasgow Coma Scale 13-15) who were employed at baseline, with completed three-and six-month RTW status, and three-month Acute Concussion Evaluation (ACE), were extracted. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed for six-month RTW, with focus on baseline employment, three-month RTW, and three-month ACE domains (physical, cognitive, sleep, and/or emotional postconcussional symptoms (PCS)). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals [CI] were reported. Significance was assessed at p < 0.05.

In 152 patients aged 40.7 ± 15.0years, 72% were employed full-time at baseline.