ZRANB2-dependent splicing of TRA2B mRNA, a known ZRANB2 target, was monitored by RT-PCR. As3+ bound to, as well as displaced Zn2+ from, each zfm. Also, Zn2+ displaced As3+ from As3+-bound zfms acutely, albeit transiently. As3+ exposure induced ZRANB2 protein expression between 3-24 h and at all exposures tested, but not ZRANB2 mRNA expression. ZRANB2-directed TRA2B splicing was impaired between 3-24 h post-exposure. Furthermore, ZRANB2 splicing function was also compromised at all As3+ exposures, starting at 100 nm. We conclude that As3+ exposure displaces Zn2+ from ZRANB2 zfms, changing its structure and compromising splicing of its targets, and increases ZRANB2 protein expression as a homeostatic response both at environmental/toxicological exposures and therapeutically relevant doses.In the quest for replacement of indium-tin-oxide (ITO), Ti-doped zinc oxide (TZO) films have been synthesized by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and applied as n-type transparent conductive oxide (TCO). TZO thin films were obtained from titanium (IV) i-propoxide (TTIP), diethyl zinc and water, by introducing TiO2 growth cycle in a ZnO matrix. Process parameters such as the order of precursor introduction, the cycle ratio and the film thickness were optimized. The as-deposited films were analyzed for their surface morphology, elemental stoichiometry, optoelectronic properties and crystallinity, using a variety of characterization techniques. The growth mechanism was investigated for the first time by in situ quartz-crystal microbalance measurements. It evidenced different insertion modes of titanium depending on the precursor introduction, as well as the etching of Zn-Et surface groups by TTIP. Resistivity as low as 1.2 × 10-3 Ω cm and transmittance > 80% in the visible range were obtained for 72-nm thick films. Finally, the first application of ALD-TZO as TCO was reported. TZO films were successfully implemented as top electrodes in silicon nanowire solar cells. The unique properties of TZO combined with conformal coverage realized by ALD technique make it possible for the cell to show almost flat EQE response, surpassing the bell-like EQE curve seen in devices with sputtered ITO top electrode.Sensitive detection of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), which are present on the outer wall of Gram-negative bacteria, is important to reflect the degree of bacterial contamination in food. For indirect assessment of the LPS content, a miniaturized electrochemical cell sensor consisting of a screen-printed paper electrode, a three-dimensional cells-in-gels-in-paper culture system, and a conductive jacket device was developed for in situ detection of nitric oxide released from LPS-treated mouse macrophage cells (Raw264.7). Nafion/polypyrrole/graphene oxide with excellent selectivity, high conductivity, and good biocompatibility functionalized on the working electrode via electrochemical polymerization could enhance sensing. Raw264.7 cells encapsulated in the alginate hydrogel were immobilized on a Nafion/polypyrrole/graphene oxide/screen-printed carbon electrode in paper fibers as a biorecognition element. Differential impulse voltammetry was employed to record the current signal as-influenced by LPS. Results indicated that LPS from Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis caused a significant increase in peak current, varying from 1 × 10-2 to 1 × 104 ng/mL, dose-dependently. This assay had a detection limit of 3.5 × 10-3 ng/mL with a linear detection range of 1 × 10-2 to 3 ng/mL. These results were confirmed by analysis of nitric oxide released from Raw264.7 via the Griess method. The miniaturized sensor was ultimately applied to detect LPSs in fruit juice samples. The results indicated that the method exhibited high recovery and relative standard deviation lower than 2.65% and LPSs in samples contaminated with 102-105 CFU/mL bacteria could be detected, which proved the practical value of the sensor. selleck chemicals llc Thus, a novel, low-cost, and highly sensitive approach for LPS detection was developed, providing a method to assess Gram-negative bacteria contamination in food.Design and synthesis of advanced electrode materials with fast and stable ion storage are of importance for energy storage applications. Herein, we propose that introducing the heterogeneous interface in layer-structured mesocrystals is an efficient way to greatly improve the rate capability and cycle stability of lithium-ion battery (LIB) devices. NH4TiOF3 mesocrystals were employed as a typical model system to demonstrate the idea. The NH4TiOF3 mesocrystals were obtained via the hydrothermal reaction, and the NH4TiOF3/TiO2 interfaces were generated through calcining at different temperatures under an argon atmosphere. Phase composition, microstructure, and chemical analyses show that the as-prepared NH4TiOF3 mesocrystals possess “tablet-like” morphology, and the formation of the NH4TiOF3/TiO2 interface can be controlled by the calcination temperature. When evaluated as the anode for LIBs, the optimized sample (NH4TiOF3 calcined at 250 °C, NTF-250) shows excellent, fast, and stable lithium storage properties. Specifically, the NTF-250 electrode holds a reversible capacity of 159.5 mA h g-1 after 200 cycles at 0.2 A g-1. At a high current density of 20 A g-1, the electrode still maintains a reversible capacity of 89.6 mA h g-1 and reaches a reversible capacity of 128.6 mA h g-1 at a current density of 1 A g-1 after 2000 cycles. Theoretical and experimental studies show that the synergistic effects of the heterogeneous NH4TiOF3/anatase TiO2 interface in the layer-structured NH4TiOF3 mesocrystals lead to the upgraded electrochemical properties. Especially, the local build-in electric field induced by the nonuniform distribution of charge across the NH4TiOF3/anatase TiO2 interface facilitates the charge transport during the charging and discharging cycling. The current electrode design strategy paves a new way in boosting stable ion storage and thus is of great interest in energy storage and conversion.Extrusion-based bioprinting of hydrogels in a granular secondary gel enables the fabrication of cell-laden three-dimensional (3D) constructs in an anatomically accurate manner, which is challenging using conventional extrusion-based bioprinting processes. In this study, carbohydrazide-modified gelatin (Gel-CDH) was synthesized and deposited into a new multifunctional support bath consisting of gelatin microparticles suspended in an oxidized alginate (OAlg) solution. During extrusion, Gel-CDH and OAlg were rapidly cross-linked because of the Schiff base formation between aldehyde groups of OAlg and amino groups of Gel-CDH, which has not been demonstrated in the domain of 3D bioprinting before. Rheological results indicated that hydrogels with lower OAlg to Gel-CDH ratios possessed superior mechanical rigidity. Different 3D geometrically intricate constructs were successfully created upon the determination of optimal bioprinting parameters. Human mesenchymal stem cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells were also bioprinted at physiologically relevant cell densities.