The time when MGDG (343), DGDG (343) began to decline approached to the time when non-stomatal limitation impaired photosynthesis. While the two predominant molecular species MGDG (366) and DGDG (366) began to decline later. So we speculated that MGDG (343), DGDG (343) might be key components in photosynthesis apparatus and participate in photosynthesis directly. While the two predominant molecular species, MGDG (366) and DGDG (366) might locate in thylakoid lipid bilayer matrix and play roles in stabilizing the membrane. The research provides new insights into the dynamic response of lipid metabolism to PEG-induced water stress. CONCLUSION In wheat plants under water stress, the major molecular species of PC, PE and PG were degraded, MGDG and DGDG molecular species had differing degradation time courses.BACKGROUND Timely access in primary health care is one of the key issues facing health systems. Among many interventions developed around the world, advanced access is the most highly recommended intervention designed specifically to improve timely access in primary care settings. Based on greater accessibility linked with patients’ relational continuity and informational continuity with a primary care professional or team, this organizational model aims to ensure that patients obtain access to healthcare services at a time and date convenient for them when needed regardless of urgency of demand. Its implementation requires a major organizational change based on reorganizing the practices of all the administrative staff and health professionals. In recent years, advanced access has largely been implemented in primary care organizations. However, despite its wide dissemination, we observe considerable variation in the implementation of the five guiding principles of this model across organizations, as well as highly relevant in a context of massive media coverage on timely access to primary healthcare and a large-scale implementation of advanced access across Quebec. This study will likely generate useful lessons and support evidence-based practices to refine and adapt the advanced access model to ensure successful implementation in various clinical contexts facing different challenges.BACKGROUND In developing countries, ambient sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a serious air pollutant concern, but there is no enough and consistent epidemiological evidence about its health effects on stroke hospitalization. METHODS We collected the daily air pollution data, meteorological data and number of daily hospital admissions for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, in Guangzhou from January 1st 2009 to December 31st 2014. Then we applied generalized additive model with a quasi-Poisson link to assess the relationship between short-term SO2 exposure and the total number of hospital admissions for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. In addition, we evaluated the effect of ambient SO2 by age ( less then  65 years and ≥ 65 years). RESULTS During the study period, a 24-h mean concentration of ambient SO2 of 27.82 μg/m3, a total of 58,473 ischemic stroke and 9167 hemorrhagic stroke hospital admissions hospital were recorded. Ambient SO2 was found to increase the risk for both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke hospital admission in single pollutant model. The maximum value of percentage changes for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke occurred in lag 0 day and lag 1 day, per 10 μg/m3 increase in SO2 concentrations was corresponded to a 1.27% (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.42-2.12%) and 1.55% (95%CI, 0.02-3.11%) increased risk, respectively. The association between SO2 and ischemic stroke hospitalization was robust to two pollutant model, but for hemorrhagic stroke it’s partially weakened after adjusting for co-pollutants. The effect of ambient SO2 on ischemic stroke appeared to be greater for people less then  65 years old, but null effect on hemorrhagic stroke was identified for both age groups. CONCLUSIONS We found short-term exposure to ambient SO2 may significantly increase the risks of hospitalization for ischemic stroke. The findings may contribute to a better understanding of the health effects of low-levels of SO2.BACKGROUND Asthma is one of the chronic diseases which affects the airway, and inhalers are the preferred medications to treat this problem. Improper inhalational technique leads to decreased efficacy of the medication by reducing its deposition in the lungs. The aim of this study was to assess the barriers to and competency with the use of Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI) and its impact on disease control among adult asthmatic patients. METHODS A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital outpatient department (OPD) chronic follow up from 12-March-2018 to 15-May- 2018. G Protein inhibitor Patients were interviewed face to face with questions which determined their competency, asthma control level and barriers for inhaler use. RESULT Overall, 307 asthmatic patients were included in the study. More than half of participants were females, 170 (55.4%) and lived in urban area 185 (60.3%). The mean age of the respondents was 51.77 years with a standard deviation of ±15.40. The cost of medication, 282 (91.9%) and the perception that medication should be used in response to symptoms but not on a regular basis 277 (90.2%) were the most identified barriers. Only 56 (18.2%) were competent for Metered Dose Inhaler use (MDIU) and 17 (5.5%) patients had well controlled asthma. Being not competent AOR 0.168[0.41-0.687] was one of the factors decreasing asthma control. CONCLUSION Generally from this study, cost of the medication and the perception that medication should be used only for symptoms were the major identified barriers that affect the MDI use among asthmatic patients. Patients show very poor competence to their MDI which in turn led to poor asthma control. So, patients need to be taught the correct inhaler technique in the hospital and pharmacy while they came for follow up every time.BACKGROUND In South Africa, diet-related non-communicable diseases (dr-NCDs) place a significant burden on individuals, households and the health system. In this article, we investigate the experiences of eight key informants within the public sector health care system (nurse, doctor and dietician), in order to reflect on their experiences treating dr-NCDs. METHODS We interviewed eight key informants who were central to the primary care service for at least 40,000 people living in a low-income neighbourhood of Cape Town, South Africa. In previous work, we had interviewed and conducted ethnographic research focused on dr-NCDs in the same neighbourhood. We then conducted a thematic analysis of these interviews. RESULTS The perspectives of key informants within the public sector therefore offered insights into tensions and commonalities between individual, neighbourhood and health systems perspectives. In particular, the rising prevalence of dr-NCDs alarmed providers. They identified changing diet as an important factor driving diabetes and high blood pressure in particular.