Liver disease (hepatic disease) adversely affects the normal function of the liver and causes liver problems. Druginduced liver injury (DILI) can be predicted by primary human hepatocytes. However, the sources of hepatocytes for largescale drug toxicity screening are limited. To solve this problem, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and hepatic stem cells (HSCs) have emerged as attractive cell sources for cell-based therapies. Human PSCs including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the ability to undergo self-renewal and to differentiate into lineages of ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Human PSC can be used for generation of hepatocytes to facilitate the development of novel drugs for treatment of severe liver diseases. The therapeutic potential of PSC-derived hepatocytes for liver failure have been identified to enhance the development of chemically defined and xenogenic-free 3D culture methods. To date, several hepatic differentiation strategies and various extracellular matrix (ECM) components have been employed to produce hepatocytes or hepatic-like cells (HLCs) in vitro. In this review, we focused on the potential of Matrigel, collagen type 1, RoGel, and laminin as ECM on the differentiation and function of hESC- and hiPSC-derived hepatocytes. The hepatic differentiation of human ESCs and iPSCs would offer an ideal tool for cell therapy and liver diseases.

Common purulent peritonitis is one of the most formidable complications in abdominal surgery. Evidence of this is the continuing high mortality rate, which according to various authors, ranges from 11% to 83%. According to modern concepts, the leading role in the development and progression of widespread purulent peritonitis is assigned to enteric insufficiency syndrome (EIS), which occurs in 90-100% of cases.

The aim of the study was to improve the treatment outcomes of patients with peritonitis complicated by the development of enteric insufficiency syndrome and also by developing and introducing into clinical practice a complex of therapeutic measures, including the combined use of enterosorption in combination with antioxidant and antihypoxant therapy.

The evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed complex therapeutic measures was carried out on the basis of a prospective examination of 83 patients (26 men and 57 women) aged 24 to 76 years with diffuse peritonitis with III-IV degree of operatiopoxia, which leads to a significant decrease in membrane-destabilizing effects from the intestinal cell structures and leads to a significant decrease in the expressed specific antigen of the immune system and better clinical outcomes.

Ceftriaxone is recommended for empiric antimicrobial therapy in patients with sepsis. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) guided dose optimisation could elucidate pharmacokinetic variabilities, improving treatment efficacy. However, detailed data on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) for unbound ceftriaxone quantification in serum are scarce.

The authors aimed to develop a reliable UPLC-MS/MS method for serum ceftriaxone quantification and exhibit its application potential in routine hospital settings.

In this observational, single centre study, UPLC-MS/MS method validation included specificity, carry-over, linearity, repeatability, intermediate precision, accuracy, limit of quantification, and plasma protein binding. Unbound and total ceftriaxone were quantified in the serum of 5 critically ill patients. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target attainment calculations were performed for both unbound and total ceftriaxone. this website The PK/PD target for unbound ceftrhe serum of critically ill patients. Method feasibility was exhibited for TDM purposes in routine clinical practice.In children and adolescents affected by musculoskeletal sarcomas (both soft tissue and bone sarcomas), the presence of lung metastases is a frequent complication, that should be known since the patient’s prognosis, as management, and treatment depend on it. During the staging phase, the detection of lung metastases should be sensitive and specific, and it should be carried out by minimizing the radiation exposure. To deal with this problem, imaging has reached important goals in recent years, thanks to the development of cone-beam CT or low-dose computed tomography, with some new iterative reconstruction methods, such as Veo and ASIR. Imaging is also fundamental for the possibility to perform lung biopsies under CT guidance, with less morbidity, less time-consumption, and shorter recovery time, compared to surgical biopsies.Moreover, important results have also been demonstrated in the treatment of lung metastases, due to the improvement of new mini-invasive image-guided percutaneous thermal ablation procedures, which proved to be safe and effective also in young patients.

Breast cancer represents uncontrolled breast cell growth. Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Early detection of breast cancer improves the chances of survival and increases treatment options. There are various methods for screening breast cancer such as mammogram, ultrasound, computed tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). MRI is gaining prominence as an alternative screening tool for early detection and breast cancer diagnosis. Nevertheless, MRI can hardly be examined without the use of a Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) framework, due to the vast amount of data.

This paper aims to cover the approaches used in CAD system for the detection of breast cancer.

In this paper, the methods used in CAD systems are categories in two classes the conventional approach and artificial intelligence (AI) approach. The conventional approach covers the basic steps of image processing such as preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction and classification. The AI approach covers the various convolutional and deep learning networks used for diagnosis.

This review discusses some of the core concepts used in breast cancer and presents a comprehensive review of efforts in the past to address this problem.

This review discusses some of the core concepts used in breast cancer and presents a comprehensive review of efforts in the past to address this problem.