Our results show the importance of excision in ACT without spillage for survival. However, multicentre prospective studies should enhance the knowledge of children about ACT and develop alternative therapies for stage III and IV cases.

Our results show the importance of excision in ACT without spillage for survival. However, multicentre prospective studies should enhance the knowledge of children about ACT and develop alternative therapies for stage III and IV cases.Dendrobium officinale flos (DOF) is the flower of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo, which is usually regarded as a by-product of Dendrobii Offcinalis Caulis. Based on its use as an alternative medicine, we evaluated the antidepressant-like effect of DOF extracts on chronic, unpredictable, mild stress-induced, depression-like behaviour in mice and tested the effects of DOF on the regulation of neurotrophic factors in mouse astrocyte primary cultures and PC12 cell lines. Oral treatment with DOF ethanol extract (DOF-E) could alleviate depression-like behaviours in stress-exposed mice, as evidenced by increased sucrose consumption and decreased immobile time in a forced swim test. In the hippocampus, DOF extracts increased the expression of NGF and BDNF, both at the transcriptional and protein levels. In astrocytes, DOF-E increased the expression of NGF and BDNF via a cAMP-dependent mechanism and regulated plasminogen and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), which are related to the metabolic regulation of neurotrophic factors. In PC12 cells, DOF-E induced the expression of neurofilaments and potentiated the induction of neurite outgrowth upon treatment with a low dose of NGF. Based on these findings, DOF might be used as a supplement for antidepressant therapy in patients with depression.

Freeze-thawing process negatively affects ram spermatozoa in terms of sperm quality, DNA integrity and antioxidant defence system. Thus, antioxidant supplementation of spermatozoa during freeze-thawing is suggested to improve sperm parameters.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of fetuin and trehalose added into ram semen extender on sperm parameters, antioxidant parameters, antioxidant-related gene expressions and DNA integrity during the freeze-thawing process, in low glycerol concentration.

Semen samples collected from six mature rams were pooled and splitted into equal aliquots and diluted with a tris-based extender containing different concentrations of glycerol (G5; %5 and G3; %3), fetuin (F; 2.5, 5 and 15mg/mL) and trehalose (60mm) as eight groups (G5F0, G5F2.5, G5F5, G5F15, G3F0, G3F2.5, G3F5 and G3F15).

G3F5 group resulted in the highest motility, mitochondrial activity and viability and the lowest DNA fragmentation and DNA damage (p<0.05). Also, G3F0 displayed considerablyalose and fetuin to enhance the quality of ram spermatozoa after freeze-thawing process is recommended.

Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) is a rare malignant childhood renal tumour. Recently, the central nervous system (CNS) was found to be the most frequent site of relapse associated with a poor outcome. Optimal treatment strategies are scarce.

Retrospective data analysis of all Austrian children with CCSK. They were enrolled in the Austrian-Hungarian Wilms Tumour Study (AHWTS) 1989, the SIOP93-01 or the SIOP2001 study between 1990 and 2019. SIS17 Demographic, diagnostic, treatment-related variables and survival data were analysed.

We identified 12 children with CCSK (M=7, F=5; median age 1.6years). All had localised disease (stage I 2; stage II 2; stage III 8) at diagnosis, and a first complete remission (CR1) was achieved in 12/12. Six patients are in an ongoing CR1 (median follow-up 10years). Six other patients had a relapse (local 1; brain 5) a median time of 2.4years from diagnosis. Two patients died of the disease 4months and 2.8years after first relapse. Four of five patients with CNS relapse are in CR2 with a median follow-up time of 9.3years after relapse diagnosis. Relapse treatment included a combination of chemotherapy, radiation and surgery. Two children received high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell rescue, and one child received intrathecal mafosphamide. Long-term side effects after treatment were impaired tubular renal function (n=4), cardiomyopathy (n=1) and growth disorders (n=1).

In this series, the brain was the most common site of relapse. Long-term survival after recurrence was achievable with intensive multimodal therapy.

In this series, the brain was the most common site of relapse. Long-term survival after recurrence was achievable with intensive multimodal therapy.

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) of the female genitourinary tract (FGU-RMS) located at the vagina or uterus is one of the most favorable RMS sites. Little is known about treatment and outcome in infants and relapsed disease (RD).

Characteristics, treatment, and outcome of 71 children with FGU-RMS registered within five Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe (CWS) trials and one registry (1981-2019) were evaluated.

FGU-RMS was diagnosed in 67 patients with localized disease (LD) at a median age of 2.89years (0.09-18.08). Multimodal treatment consisted of chemotherapy (CHT) (n=66), secondary surgery (n=32), and radiotherapy (n=11). Age at diagnosis ≤12months was the only significant negative prognostic factor influencing the event-free survival (EFS). Ten-year EFS and overall survival (OS) for infants ≤12months were 50% and 81%, respectively. In contrast, children with LD >1year and ≤10years had a 10-year EFS and OS of 78% and 94% (P=.038), and >10years of 82% and 88%, respectively (P=.53). Metastatic disease was observed in four patients of which three are alive. RD occurred in five of 12 infants ≤1year and 10/55 children at a median of 1.38years (0.53-2.97) after initial diagnosis. Treatment of patients with RD consisted of multimodal treatment (n=13) or resection only (n=2). Nine patients (60%) were alive in clinical remission at a median of 7.02years (1.23-16.72) after diagnosis of RD.

Infants with FGU-RMS have a higher relapse rate than older children with FGU-RMS, but prognosis is fair.

Infants with FGU-RMS have a higher relapse rate than older children with FGU-RMS, but prognosis is fair.