men about urinary incontinence.

The prevalence of urinary incontinence is moderate compared to other studies. Gestational age, parity, prior miscarriage, having constipation, having respiratory problem, and weak pelvic floor muscle had significant association with urinary incontinence. This finding will help to increase the awareness of health care professionals involved in the care of pregnant women about urinary incontinence.

Renal calculus disease is an age old disease of human being. PCNL (Percutaneous nephrolithotomy) stands as a gold standard treatment for large renal calculus which is traditionally being done in prone position.

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of supine PCNL versus prone PCNL comparing intraoperative time, requirement of relook PCNL, post op hemoglobin drop, post operative hospital stay, post operative complication, SFR ( stone free rate).

It is a prospective study done in Urology department in a tertiary care center in Eastern India between October 2017 and October 2018. A total of 84 patients with lower calyceal renal stones underwent PCNL, 42 of them in supine and 42 in prone position. Lower calyceal stone, size measuring 1 to 2 cm were included in the study.

The mean intra operative time was 91.76 min in supine group and 85.43 min in prone group with a p value of 0.115. The mean hemoglobin drop was 1.11 g/dl and 1.18 g/dl in supine and prone position, respectively (

value 0.75). The mean post operative hospital stay was 4.1 and 3.86 days in supine and prone group (

value 0.58), respectively. Two patients in each group require relook PCNL. Stone free rate at 1 month was 95.23% and 90.47% (

value 0.9), respectively in case of supine and prone group.

Supine PCNL is feasible, comparable to prone PCNL in respect to operative parameters with relatively higher stone free rate though statistically insignificant.

Supine PCNL is feasible, comparable to prone PCNL in respect to operative parameters with relatively higher stone free rate though statistically insignificant.Introduction Emotional issues are often reported among individuals with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and some studies have suggested that deficits in ability to quickly encode emotions may contribute to these problems. However, poor performance on emotion encoding tasks could also be explained by a more general cognitive deficit (Full Scale IQ [FSIQ]), rather than a specific deficit in emotional processing. Since individuals with DM1 are known to exhibit difficulties in general cognitive abilities, it is important to account for FSIQ when evaluating emotion encoding. The aim of this study was to compare emotion encoding abilities between individuals with and without DM1, while adjusting for the impact of general cognitive abilities (FSIQ). Methods The sample included 35 individuals with adult-onset DM1 and 54 unaffected adults who completed assessments of emotion encoding abilities (Ekman faces test) and general cognitive abilities (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV). Performance on the emotion encoding task was operationalized as proportion correct and response time. Group differences in proportion correct were evaluated with generalized linear regression, while linear regression models were used to determine the effect of group on response time. Models were adjusted for age, sex, and FSIQ. The false discovery rate (FDR) was applied to control false positives due to multiple comparisons (pfdr ). Results No significant group differences were observed for emotion encoding abilities (all pfdr > 0.13). FSIQ was significantly associated with proportion correct and with response time (all pfdr less then 0.05). Conclusions Emotion encoding appears intact in individuals with DM1 and variation in the ability to encode facial expressions was associated with FSIQ. find more Further research is required to address the relationship between general cognitive abilities and emotion encoding abilities among DM1 patients.

The aim of this article is to report an alternative approach for the management of a distal aneurysm of superior mesenteric artery using direct percutaneous ultrasound-guided Onyx injection.

We report a rare case of symptomatic superior mesenteric artery aneurysm. A 78-year-old man presents with pain and pulsating mass in the right umbilical region of the abdomen. The patient was treated by percutaneous ultrasound-guided Onyx injection after several failing transarterial embolization attempts.

The procedure was successful without any complication, and the patient wasdischarged to home the day after procedure. Follow-up at 60 months confirmed the complete thrombosis of the aneurysm sac. Ultrasound-guided Onyx injection for distal superior mesenteric artery aneurysm could provide an alternative to transcatheter arterial embolization or open surgery. Anatomical assessment of collaterals and knowledge of abdomen anatomy could play important roles in preventing bowel ischemia and minimizing the risk of procedural complication.

Ultrasound-guided Onyx injection of superior mesenteric artery aneurysm is a feasible, effective, and cost-saving technique that can be used when endovascular approach is not possible or has failed.

Ultrasound-guided Onyx injection of superior mesenteric artery aneurysm is a feasible, effective, and cost-saving technique that can be used when endovascular approach is not possible or has failed.Measurement of maximum voluntary muscle contractions are effort-dependent – valid measurement requires maximal voluntary effort (MVE) from participants. Submaximal efforts (SMEs) yield invalid and potentially misleading results. This is particularly problematic in medico-legal and Para sport assessments where low strength scores may confer a personal advantage. Therefore, objective methods for accurately differentiating MVE and SME are required. This systematic review aimed to identify, appraise and synthesise evidence from scientific studies evaluating the validity of objective methods for differentiating MVE from SME during maximal voluntary contractions. Four electronic databases were searched for original research articles published in English and secondary references appraised for relevance yielding 25 studies for review. Methods were categorised based on eight distinct underlying theories. For isokinetic strength assessment, methods based on two theories – Strength-measure Ratios and Inter-Trial Strength Consistency – correctly classified 100% MVE and > 92% SME.