Rash impulsiveness, the propensity for approach behaviour despite potential negative consequences, is associated with stronger alcohol craving in patients with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). This relationship is poorly understood and implications for treatment response are unexamined. This study explored the relationship between rash impulsiveness, craving, and treatment response among 304 outpatients enrolled in a 12-week abstinence-based Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT) program for AUD. Assessments were completed pre-and-post treatment, with craving and alcohol consumption monitored at each treatment session. Higher rash impulsiveness predicted more frequent craving over treatment (b = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.40, 1.50). Higher craving was associated with greater lapse-risk (b = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.03, 0.05), with the association between craving and lapse-risk increasing as treatment progressed (b = 0.01, 95% CI = 0.01, 0.02). Craving positively mediated the relationship between rash impulsiveness and lapse-risk (µ = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.10, 0.70). Contrary to hypotheses, the risk of lapse in response to craving was not moderated by rash-impulsiveness. These results suggest that AUD patients with a predisposition for rash impulsiveness are more vulnerable to alcohol craving, and subsequently, poorer treatment outcomes. BACKGROUND Subjective classification of gait pattern in children with cerebral palsy depends on the assessor’s experience, while mathematical methods produce virtual groups with no clinical interpretation. METHODS In a retrospective study, gait data from 66 children (132 limbs) with a mean age of 9.6 (SD 3.7) years with cerebral palsy and no history of surgery or botulinum toxin injection were reviewed. The gait pattern of each limb was classified in four groups according to Rodda using three methods 1) a team of experts subjectively assigning a gait pattern, 2) using the plantarflexor-knee extension couple index introduced by Sangeux et al., and 3) employing a fuzzy algorithm to translate the experiences of experts into objective rules and execute a clustering tool. To define fuzzy repeated-measures, 75% of the members in each group were used, and the remaining were used for validation. Eight parameters were objectively extracted from kinematic data for each group and compared using repeated measure ANOVA and post-hoc analysis was performed. Finally, the results of the clustering of the latter two methods were compared to the subjective method. FINDINGS The plantarflexor-knee extension couple index achieved 86% accuracy while the fuzzy system yielded a 98% accuracy. The most substantial errors occurred between jump and apparent in both methods. INTERPRETATION The presented method is a fast, reliable, and objective fuzzy clustering system to classify gait patterns in cerebral palsy, which produces clinically-relevant results. BMS927711 It can provide a universal common language for researchers. BACKGROUND Neonatal stroke is a leading cause of hemiplegic cerebral palsy that occurs around the time of birth. Infants are diagnosed with cerebral palsy when motor impairments become clinically apparent, months or years after the stroke. Tools/methods for identifying high risk or diagnosis of cerebral palsy in infancy are improving. METHODS We measured spatial and temporal kinematics of pre-reaching upper extremity movements in 2-3 month old infants with neonatal stroke and typical development. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of applying kinematics in this population and collect preliminary data to explore (1) if asymmetries are present in the infants with neonatal stroke, particularly those with a later diagnosis of cerebral palsy, and (2) to compare differences in the timing and coordination of their movements to infants with typical development, and infants with stroke and no cerebral palsy. Participants were 21 full-term infants, 10 with stroke (4 who later received a cerebral palsy diagnosis) age 72.1 (SD 9.3) days, and 11 typically developing, age 74.3 (SD 9.3) days. FINDINGS Results showed that infants with stroke and cerebral palsy demonstrated significant asymmetry in the average movement length (p = 0.0089) and hand path length (p = 0.0275) between their involved and uninvolved sides and moved less frequently (p = 0.09) and slower (p = 0.041) than infants with stroke and no cerebral palsy. INTERPRETATION Results suggest that kinematic analysis might detect asymmetries and motor impairment indicative of hemiplegic cerebral palsy earlier than current assessments and that asymmetry in speed, length and frequency of arm movements may be early indicators. This study is preliminary, limiting interpretation of the results. Atractylodis Rhizoma, a classical Chinese medicine, exhibits unambiguous therapeutic effect on spleen deficiency in China for decades. The aim of the present study was to explore the different effects on the composition and level of endogenous metabolites in rats with spleen deficiency after oral administration of raw and bran-fired Atractylodis Rhizoma, and to explain the mechanism of pharmacodynamic enhancement of the bran-fried Atractylodis Rhizoma from the perspective of metabolomics. With this purpose, spleen deficiency model was established by diet, excessive fatigue and bitter cold diarrhea. Then, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the contents of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), Somatostatin (SS), substance P (SP) and succinodehydrogenase (SDH) in rats of each group, and to compare the contents of VIP, SS, SP and SDH among groups. UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS based metabolomics was adopted to analyze the plasma from spleen deficiency rats and control rats. Principle component analyscantly associated with spleen deficiency, and bran-fried Atractylodis Rhizoma had better intervention and regulation. Through the analysis of metabolic pathways related to these different metabolites of spleen deficiency, and primarily involved in glucosamine metabolism, one carbon pool by folate and so on. This study showed that Atractylodis Rhizoma could provide satisfactory therapeutic effects on spleen deficiency and metabolomics study can be utilized to further understand the molecular mechanisms. V.