In contrast, the direct colony method allowed the identification of only 11 (18%) lactobacilli at the genus level and 4 (6.6%) at the species level. The on-plate extraction method was statistically (P ≤ 0.0001) more efficient since 59 (96.7%) lactobacilli were identified at the genus level and 51 (83.6%) at the species level.

MALDI Biotyper can efficiently identify Streptococcus salivarius regardless of the preparative method but on-plate extraction is superior to direct colony method for the identification of lactobacilli.

MALDI Biotyper can efficiently identify Streptococcus salivarius regardless of the preparative method but on-plate extraction is superior to direct colony method for the identification of lactobacilli.This studyinvestigated the behavior and kinetics of co-pyrolysis of apple wood (AW)with H3PO4and K3PO4as catalysts under microwaveto prepare biochar as microbialabsorbent. The kinetic studies indicate that the co-pyrolysis of AW withH3PO4orK3PO4can effectively improve the pyrolysis efficiencyand enhance the biocharcharacteristicsby reducing ofthe activation energy of the pyrolysis reaction. The kinetic parameters indicate that the activation energy of the mixturesin the main pyrolysis stage is lower than that of a single AW, whichmeanthat the co-pyrolysis of AW withH3PO4orK3PO4shows excellent synergy. Biochar characterization showed that the yield of biochar reachedthe highest58.6% whenthe ratio(H3PO4/AW) is0.5. The adsorption results show that the bacteria SL-44 can be effectively loaded on the surface of the biochar, and the adsorption process is combined with Langmuir model and process can proceed spontaneously.The present study focuses on operational parameters for the efficient acid catalyzed rice straw pretreatment process for xylitol production. 75.77 % xylose yield was attained when the 24 h presoaked rice straw (≤10 mm or ≤ 15 mm) in 1.5 % (v/v) H2SO4 was pretreated in the same reactor at 121 °C for 30 min. Neutralization with barium hydroxide produced insoluble salt and noticeably reduced HMF and furfurals. Xylitol yield of 0.6 g/g of xylose, was achieved by fermenting rice straw hydrolysate medium with C. tropicalis MTCC 6192. PF-02341066 inhibitor This two-step process of production of xylitol from xylose rich hydrolysate is much simpler and produced minimal inhibitors including organic acids such as acetic acid. This process is modified for upscaling at optimized parameters and will simultaneously minimize the pollution problem caused by rice straw and is also promising for commercial scale.The aim of this study was to explore the contribution of microbial community to cellulose degradation during cellulosic wastes composting. Three raw materials with different cellulose content were employed, including rice straws (RS), leaves (L) and mushroom dregs (MD). The cellulose degraded by 92.09%, 56.68% and 40.03% during RS, L and MD composting, respectively, which could be explained by cellulases activity. Besides, each cellulase were only linked to a specific group of bacteria, thus cellulose degradation needed the cooperation of various microorganisms. Ultimately, structural equation models verified that the richness and evenness of microbial community were the primary driving factors of cellulose degradation. The richness symbolized microbial functionality, which was equivalent to the “quality” of microbial species. The evenness symbolized the scope of function, which was equivalent to the “quantity”. Therefore, the “quality” and “quantity” of microbial species drove cellulose degradation during RS, L and MD composting.Constructed wetlands (CWs) integrated with bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) are being intensively researched with the names like constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC), electro-wetlands, electroactive wetlands, and microbial electrochemical technologies-based constructed wetland since the last decade. The implantation of BES in CW facilitates the tuning of redox activities and electron flow balance in aerobic and anaerobic zones in the CW bed matrix, thereby alleviating the limitation associated with electron acceptor availability and increasing its operational controllability. The benefits of CW-MFC include high treatment efficiency, electricity generation, and recalcitrant pollutant abatement. This article presents CW-MFC technology’s journey since its emergence to date, encompassing the research done so far, including the basic principle and functioning, bio-electrocatalysts as its machinery, influential factors for microbial interactions, and operational parameters controlling different processes. A few key challenges and potential applications are also discussed for the CW-MFC systems.Effects of salinity level and gradient on partial nitrification performance, sludge properties and microbial activities were investigated using partial nitrification membrane bioreactors (PN-MBRs). PN-MBRs obtained stable nitrite accumulation rate of 91.1% and ammonia removal of 64.8% at 10 g/L NaCl. 10 g/L NaCl obtained higher oxygen uptake rate than 5 g/L, and promoted the differentiation of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. Salinity increased sludge flocs size, stimulated secretion of extracellular polymeric substances with high carbohydrates contents, but had insignificant impact on sludge settleability and dewaterability. Salt level and gradient were both important for microbial community evolution to salt-tolerant bacteria. PN-MBRs enriched aerobic AOBs (Nitrosomonas and norank_f_Nitrosomonadaceae) and anaerobic AOBs (Candidatus_Kuenenia and Candidatus_Brocadia) for partial nitrification, while salt gradients resulted in different metabolism pathways for nitrification even at the same salinity. Increasing salinity promoted hydroxylamine oxidizer in nitrification process evolving from Candidatus_Kuenenia and Candidatus_Brocadia to aerobic AOBs.

This study analyzes the content quality and characteristics of the most popular and highly ranked search results on the internet related to glaucoma and medical cannabis (MC).

Internet-based, cross-sectional study.

Not applicable.

Google and 2 social media platforms (Facebook, YouTube) were used to identify online information most accessible to patients. Search criteria included “glaucoma” AND “marijuana” or “cannabinoid” or “CBD.” The top 20 Google search and YouTube results for each search term and the posts from the top 9 patient-based glaucoma Facebook groups were aggregated and analyzed using the search criteria.

The quality of the content was graded by 2 independent graders using a previously validated Sandvik score and previously reported risk score. The differing values were resolved by a final grader. Additional analysis included whether the source was professional (by physician or medical organization) or shared an opinion on MC (pro, mixed, or against) use in glaucoma.

This search resulted in an aggregate of 51 websites on Google, 126 posts from Facebook groups, and 37 videos on YouTube.