74 [CI, 1.22 to 2.47]); and patients with heart failure (HR, 2.12 [CI, 1.41 to 3.19]), diabetes with complications (HR, 1.71 [CI, 1.17 to 2.52]), 2 or more emergency department visits in the past 6 months (HR, 1.78 [CI, 1.21 to 2.62]), pain daily or all the time (HR, 1.46 [CI, 1.05 to 2.05]), cognitive impairment (HR, 1.49 [CI, 1.04 to 2.13]), or functional dependencies (HR, 1.09 [CI, 1.00 to 1.20]). Eleven patients (1%) died, 137 (10%) were rehospitalized, and 23 (2%) remain on service.

Care was provided by 1 home health agency. Information on rehospitalization and death after HHC discharge is not available.

Symptom burden and functional dependence were common at the time of HHC admission but improved for most patients. Comorbid conditions of heart failure and diabetes, as well as characteristics present at admission, identified patients at greatest risk for an adverse event.

No direct funding.

No direct funding.

The ABO and rhesus (Rh) blood groups may influence risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

To determine whether ABO and Rh blood groups are associated with risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness.

Population-based cohort study.

Ontario, Canada.

All adults and children who had ABO blood group assessed between January 2007 and December 2019 and who subsequently had SARS-CoV-2 testing between 15 January and 30 June 2020.

The main study outcome was SARS-CoV-2 infection, determined by viral RNA polymerase chain reaction testing. A second outcome was severe COVID-19 illness or death. Adjusted relative risks (aRRs) and absolute risk differences (ARDs) were adjusted for demographic characteristics and comorbidities.

A total of 225 556 persons were included, with a mean age of 54 years. The aRR of SARS-CoV-2 infection for O blood group versus A, AB, and B blood groups together was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84 to 0.92; ARD, -3.9 pg-Term Care.

Financial payments from the drug industry to U.S. physicians are common. Payments may influence physicians’ clinical decision making and drug prescribing.

To evaluate whether receipt of payments from the drug industry is associated with physician prescribing practices.

MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and EconLit were searched without language restrictions. The search had no limiting start date and concluded on 16 September 2020.

Studies that estimated the association between receipt of industry payments (exposure) and prescribing (outcome).

Pairs of reviewers extracted the primary analysis or analyses from each study and evaluated risk of bias (ROB).

Thirty-six studies comprising 101 analyses were included. Most studies (

= 30) identified a positive association between payments and prescribing in all analyses; the remainder (

= 6) had a mix of positive and null findings. No study had only null findings. Of 101 individual analyses, 89 identified a positive association. Payments were associated with increased prescribing of the paying company’s drug, increased prescribing costs, and increased prescribing of branded drugs. Nine studies assessed and found evidence of a temporal association; 25 assessed and found evidence of a dose-response relationship.

The design was observational, 21 of 36 studies had serious ROB, and publication bias was possible.

The association between industry payments and physician prescribing was consistent across all studies that have evaluated this association. Findings regarding a temporal association and dose-response suggest a causal relationship.

National Cancer Institute.

National Cancer Institute.

Anticipated success rates and timelines for COVID-19 vaccine development vary. selleck inhibitor Recent experience with developing and testing viral vaccine candidates can inform expectations regarding the development of safe and effective vaccines.

To estimate timelines and probabilities of success for recent vaccine candidates.

ClinicalTrials.gov was searched to identify trials testing viral vaccines that had not advanced to phase 2 before 2005, and the progress of each vaccine from phase 1 through to U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) licensure was tracked. Trial characteristics were double-coded. (Registration Open Science Framework [https//osf.io/dmuzx/]).

Trials launched between January 2005 and March 2020.

Preventive viral vaccine candidates for 23 emerging or reemerged viral infectious diseases.

The primary end point was the probability of vaccines advancing from launch of phase 2 to FDA licensure within 10 years.

In total, 606 clinical trials forming 220 distinct development trajectories (267 343 envelopment.

McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity (MI4) Emergency COVID-19 Research Funding program.

McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity (MI4) Emergency COVID-19 Research Funding program.Introduction Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a devastating liver tumor with a poor prognosis. While less than 50% of the patients with CCA may benefit from surgical resection, the rest undergoes chemotherapy with disappointing results (mean survival less then 2 years). Alternative pharmacological treatments are needed to improve the outcomes in patients with CCA. Areas covered In this review, we discuss CCA-related (1) experimental systems used in preclinical studies; (2) pharmacological targets identified by genetic analysis; (3) results obtained in preliminary trials in human with their pros and cons; and (4) possible targeting of endocrinal modulation. A PubMed bibliographic search matching the term ‘cholangiocarcinoma’ with ‘experimental model’, ‘preclinical model’, ‘genetic target’, ‘targeted therapy’, ‘clinical trial’, or ‘translational research’ was conducted and manuscripts published between 2010 and 2020 were retrieved for reading and reviewing. Expert opinion Several factors contribute to the translational gap between bench research and clinical practice in CCA. The tumor heterogeneity, lack of a preclinical model recapitulating the different features of CCA, and difficult patient enrollment in clinical trials are elements to consider for basic and clinical research in CCA. Establishment of international networks formed by experts in the field of CCA may improve future research and its translational findings on patients.