Background An increasing number of patients with a peripheral arterial occlusive disease were put on statins during the past years. This study assessed whether statin therapy was effective and safe for these new users. Methods and Results Using health insurance claims data from Germany’s second-largest insurance fund, BARMER, we identified patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease who had index revascularization between 2008 and 2018 without prior statin therapy. We compared patients with and without statin therapy in addition to antithrombotics during the first quarter after discharge (new users versus nonusers). Outcomes were all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events, and incident major amputation for effectiveness and incident diabetes mellitus and incident myopathy for safety. Propensity score matching was used to balance the study groups. All analyses were stratified into patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia and intermittent claudication. A total of 22 208 patients (mean age 71.1 years and 50.3% women) were included in the study. In 10 922 matched patients, statin initiation was associated with lower all-cause mortality (chronic limb-threatening ischemia hazard ratio [HR], 0.75 [95% CI, 0.68-0.84]; intermittent claudication HR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.70-0.92]), lower risk of major amputation in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.58-0.93) and lower risk of cardiovascular events (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.70-0.92) in patients with intermittent claudication during 5 years of follow-up. Safety outcomes did not differ among the study groups. Conclusions Initiating statin therapy in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease after index revascularization is efficient and safe with an effect size comparable to earlier studies. Awareness campaigns for evidence-based optimal pharmacological treatment among patients are recommended.Scientific knowledge contribution to online knowledge-sharing platforms has long been regarded as instrumental behavior based on utilitarian considerations. Employing cognitive evaluation theory, this study examines scientific expert users’ behavioral metrics to understand the factors responsible for users continuing to contribute their scientific knowledge for an extended period or a very short span. We found that expert users’ intrinsic motivations, which has received little attention in recent studies, constitute an important indicator of sustained online scientific knowledge contribution. Furthermore, although social rewards fail to predict the continuity of scientific knowledge contribution, they prolong the duration of knowledge contribution by enhancing the intrinsic motivations of expert users. In conclusion, a self-reinforcement mechanism underlies the relationship of intrinsic motivation with social rewards, which governs continuous online scientific knowledge contribution behavior.

The evidence has shown that children are more susceptible to the emotional effects of traumatic events such as outbreaks with the possible disruption in their daily lives.

In this paper, we discussed the psychological wellbeing of children during the COVID-19 outbreak through the art-based qualitative study using the drawing method among children in Iraqi Kurdistan.

In this qualitative arts-based research study, 15 children aged 6 to 13 years old who were confined at home during the COVID-19 outbreak for at least 1 month were included following obtaining the consent from their parents. The children were asked to draw his/her feelings, reflections, and responses during the COVID-19 on a paper. The children were guided to paint their reflections during the COVID-19 based on the following criteria if they experienced loneliness, tiredness, insomnia, depression, worry or anxiety, or have behavior changes and their relationship with their parents and other siblings.

This study showed that children have a high level of stress at home during the COVID-19 outbreak. The children had great fear about the coronavirus. They experienced loneliness and stress, and felt sad, depressed due to home confinement and social distancing. The possibility of infection by coronavirus has occupied their entire mind. Mental health care providers must take the experiences of children who are caught in this global pandemic seriously and ensure that appropriate care is offered to the children and their parents.

The children exhibited a strong feeling of distress, loneliness, and fear during the COVID-19 outbreak. This has implications for mental health care.

The children exhibited a strong feeling of distress, loneliness, and fear during the COVID-19 outbreak. This has implications for mental health care.

Little is known about gender differences among people exposed to war related trauma. Aim of this study is to explore gender differences in health status and comorbidity of mental and physical disorders in a cohort of Bosnian refugees followed up for 3 years (1996-1999).

This longitudinal study included 534 subjects followed up for 3 years. The interviews were conducted in refugee camps in Varaždin, Croatia in Bosnian language. Data were collected using Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (Bosnian version) and Hopkins Checklist-25, respectively. Physical health disorders were self-reported.

In both assessments there was a statistically significant difference between men and women in the number of physical health disorders, even when results were controlled for educational status. Although there was no difference in total number of symptoms in both assessments (

 = 0.32;

 = 1;

 > 0.05 and

 = 1.15;

 = 1;

 > 0.05), important physical health disorders were significantly more frequent among women thrm health monitoring and programs, especially related to women’s health are needed in order to avoid lasting consequences.The Video Assistant Referee (VAR) system has had a major impact on decision-making in professional association football. However, offside decisions remain a major area of dispute and debate, with over 34 goals ruled out in the first season of VAR in the Premier League. Evidence in vision science points toward two problems with the application of the offside law in VAR, due to their use of a live TV video feed in reviews. Filgotinib order First, due to physical and perceptual limits on spatial resolution, there is a significant probability that the spatial positions of the ball and players as judged by VAR will be several centimetres to one side of their true positions. Second, the 50 Hz TV update rate means that judgements of the time-of-contact between player and ball will on average be 10 ms too late, which translates into an increased likelihood of offside calls in fast-moving play. Suggestions are made for how to compensate for these problems during decision-making.