These findings suggest that distinct Rho GTPases may act as context-dependent integrators of chemotactic cues in directional cell migration and may serve as candidate therapeutic targets to manipulate cell motility in disease or tissue regeneration. © 2020 The Authors.Child undernutrition remains a considerable problem in poor regions, due to unhygienic living conditions and chronically infected guts that make it hard to absorb nutrients. Undernutrition may negatively affect child development (1) and findings suggest that impaired gut microbiota may be central to poor brain development (2). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Aortopulmonary window (APW) is a rare congenital heart disease which challenges most screening sonographers. The current study aims to summarize the two-dimensional (2D) and four-dimensional (4D) sonographic features in the fetal diagnosis. METHODS Ten cases of fetal APW were retrospectively reviewed, including 6 and 4 fetuses with distal and proximal defects, respectively. In addition, 40 normal fetuses with similar gestational age were also enrolled. The angle (α) between the pulmonary artery and aorta, and the length (D) of the ductus/pulmonary artery before its convergence with aorta were measured and compared between the normal and APW fetuses, respectively. Cardiac volumes of APW fetuses were acquired with spatial temporal image correlation (STIC) technique and post-analyzed to obtain 4D rendered images. RESULTS The D and the α were smaller and greater in distal APW fetuses than those in the normal fetuses, respectively (both P  less then  .01), while no difference presented between the proximal APW fetuses and the normal fetuses. The ductus was absent for all distal APW fetuses, while it was normal for proximal APW fetuses. In 9 of 10 fetuses (90%), the 4D rendered image could be successfully obtained, which clearly showed the abnormal blood communication between the two great arteries in space. CONCLUSION It is essential to scan around the three-vessel view and three-vessel trachea view to identify fetal APW using grayscale and color Doppler echocardiography. Distal APW is always with an increasing angulation between aorta and the pulmonary artery, and without the presence of normal ductus. 4D STIC technique may provide additional spatial relationships of the great arteries and thus help the diagnosis and consultation. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Alternative splicing regulates trans-synaptic adhesions and synapse development, but supporting in vivo evidence is limited. PTPδ, a receptor tyrosine phosphatase adhering to multiple synaptic adhesion molecules, is associated with various neuropsychiatric disorders; however, its in vivo functions remain unclear. Here, we show that PTPδ is mainly present at excitatory presynaptic sites by endogenous PTPδ tagging. Global PTPδ deletion in mice leads to input-specific decreases in excitatory synapse development and strength. This involves tyrosine dephosphorylation and synaptic loss of IL1RAPL1, a postsynaptic partner of PTPδ requiring the PTPδ-meA splice insert for binding. Importantly, PTPδ-mutant mice lacking the PTPδ-meA insert, and thus lacking the PTPδ interaction with IL1RAPL1 but not other postsynaptic partners, recapitulate biochemical and synaptic phenotypes of global PTPδ-mutant mice. Behaviorally, both global and meA-specific PTPδ-mutant mice display abnormal sleep behavior and non-REM rhythms. Therefore, alternative splicing in PTPδ regulates excitatory synapse development and sleep by modulating a specific trans-synaptic adhesion. © 2020 The Authors. Published under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES A worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected millions of people. A ‘closed-off management’ protocol has been launched nationwide in China to cope with this major public health emergency. However, these procedures may cause a crisis for blood donation and blood supply. In this study, we assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on blood donation and supply in Zhejiang province, which could provide reference and insight for developing countermeasures in other countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood donor and supply information from 38 blood centres during the Spring Festival of 2019 and 2020 were reviewed. A self-administered questionnaire was carried out. RESULTS Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of whole blood donors dropped by 67%. The success rate of recruitment for donations dropped by 60%. Most respondents (81·2%) were worried about the ‘possibility of acquiring COVID-19 during blood donation’. The total amount of RBCs supply dropped by 65%. In the first week of the outbreak, the weekly amount of issued RBC units (10171·5 u) was almost six times higher than the collected units (1347·5 u). The mean haemoglobin value for RBCs transfusion was about 6·3 g/dl. About 4% of RBCs and 2·8% of frozen plasma were used in COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSION The secondary consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic are blood shortages caused by the unavailability of blood donors, and this is likely to be replicated in many countries with high burdens of COVID-19. Practical actions to broaden sources and reduce use for the global crisis must be taken proactively. © 2020 International Society of Blood Transfusion.Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1 (TRPS1; Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man #190350) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in TRPS1. PF-05221304 We report a Thai male with TRPS1 who carried a c.1842C>T (p.Arg615Ter) mutation. He had 15 supernumerary teeth, double mental foramina, hypoplastic mandibular condyles with slender condylar necks and unique ultrastructural hair findings. Body hair was absent. The hair in the area of a congenital melanocytic nevus had a greater number of hair cuticles than normal. Occipital hair had abnormal hair follicles and cuticles. The scale edges of the hair cuticles were detached and rolled up. Hypoplastic mandibular condyles with slender condylar necks, double mental foramina and the rolled up edges of hair cuticles have not been reported in patients with TRPS1. © 2020 Japanese Dermatological Association.