The biological importance of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the field of medicine – related to cervical carcinogenesis – has been extensively reported in the last decades. For the first time, a direct correlation between cause and effect to explain a cancer development was completely achieved in medical research. Consequently, the Nobel Prize was awarded to HZ Hausen in 2008 for his efforts to understand the effects of persistent infection of oncogenic types of HPV and malignancy transformation. The aim of the present review was to summarize the principal elements of HPV characteristics and their importance in oncology.Neuropsychiatric symptoms, including abnormal behavior, after oseltamivir use among influenza patients have been of concern. In recent years, many case reports of neuropsychiatric events during or after oseltamivir treatment were reported; however, literature review revealed no such cases in Lebanon. Oseltamivir is the most widely prescribed medication against influenza and is generally well tolerated, causing random gastrointestinal disturbances, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain. However, in rare instances, it has been reported to stimulate behavioral activities in adolescents. this website We report herein a case of an oseltamivir-related neuropsychiatric event in a female adolescent in Lebanon, which resolved 2 days after stopping the drug.

Phenobarbital overdose can cause coma and even death. The consciousness disturbance is often prolonged due to its long half-life. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of direct hemoperfusion (DHP) for the removal of phenobarbital by measuring the blood levels of phenobarbital.

Study subjects included five patients with phenobarbital poisoning who were transferred to our hospital. Direct hemoperfusion was carried out in three of the five patients (six times in total), and the elimination rate was calculated by measuring the blood levels before and after DHP. Furthermore, the disappearance rate of phenobarbital without DHP was calculated in all five patients (seven times in total) for comparison with the elimination rate.

The elimination rate of phenobarbital with DHP was significantly higher than the disappearance rate without DHP．.

This study suggests that early introduction of DHP should be considered as a treatment option for phenobarbital poisoning.

This study suggests that early introduction of DHP should be considered as a treatment option for phenobarbital poisoning.There are concerns about the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and recently, a patient with SARS-CoV-2 re-infection (or COVID-19) confirmed by epidemiological, clinical, serological and genomic analyses have been published. We have noticed another patient with SARS-CoV-2 re-infection based on clinical and laboratory studies A 23-year-old woman presented to her hospital with fever (39°C), chills, fatigue, cough, headache, sore throat, muscle and joint pain on April 9, 2020. On examination, oropharynx was mildly hyperemic, and chest auscultation was normal. SARS-CoV-2 PCR from nasopharyngeal specimen was ordered. She was given isotonic saline and acetaminophen and prescribed azithromycin and acetaminophen and sent home for isolation. SARS-CoV-2 PCR was reported positive and she was given hydroxychloroquine for five days. She improved in 10 days and PCR studies on April 22, and April 27 remained negative. On 4 August 2020, she was re-admitted with fever (38.7°C), chills, fatigue, loss of appetite, taste and on.Previously limited to symptomatic patients, our hospital introduced a universal admission screening strategy for coronavirus disease 2019 on 25 April 2020. All patients were tested by RT-PCR. We observed decreased viral loads linked to increased screening of asymptomatic patients highlighting the fact that viral load values could guide infection control decisions.We report a case of acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) triggered by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. A 77-year-old man experienced left-sided chest pain and shortness of breath. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) revealed a positive result, and he was treated with favipiravir, ciclesonide, and lascufloxacin, but he showed poor improvement. On the other hand, computed tomography (CT) images were atypical for COVID-19 infection, and the elevation of eosinophil was found in blood and the fluid obtained by bronchoscopy. So, we clinically diagnosed this case as AEP. Administration of prednisolone dramatically improved the patient’s clinical condition and chest radiograph findings, which were consistent with the clinical course of AEP. This case suggests the importance of considering the complications of AEP when treating patients with COVID-19 infection.The novel virus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the associated Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) represent a pathogen to which human beings have limited to no evolved immune response. The most severe symptoms are associated with overactive inflammatory immune responses, leading to a cytokine storm, tissue damage, and death, if not balanced and controlled. Hypotheses within Evolutionary Medicine, including the Hygiene/Old Friends Hypothesis, provide an important lens through which to understand and possibly control this overactive immune response. In this article, we explore the role that infection with soil-transmitted helminths (STHs; i.e. intestinal parasitic worms) may play in dampening SARS-CoV-2 symptoms and mitigating the worst COVID-19 outcomes. Specifically, STHs stimulate the immunosuppressive and regulatory T-helper 2 (TH2) branch of the immune system, which decreases ACE2-receptor expression (i.e. receptors SARS-CoV-2 uses to infect host cells), balances the inf that coevolved with humans) may suppress inflammatory immune activity, thereby potentially reducing COVID-19 disease severity. Structural and lifestyle factors shaping coinfection patterns are also discussed.Facial myokymia is a clinical sign that can occur as a manifestation of demyelinating lesions. As seen in our patient with multiple sclerosis, acute-onset continuous facial myokymia can be indicative of an active lesion and can have localizing value.