To characterize the effective connectivity (EC) between the emotion and motor brain regions in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES), based on resting-state spectral dynamic causal modeling (spDCM).

Twenty-three patients with PNES and twenty-five healthy control (HC) subjects underwent resting-state fMRI scanning. The coupling parameters indicating the causal interactions between eight brain regions associated with emotion, executive control, and motion were estimated for both groups, using resting-state fMRI spDCM.

Compared to the HC subjects, in patients with PNES (i) the left insula (INS) and left and right inferior frontal gyri (IFG) are more inhibited by the amygdala (AMYG), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and precentral gyrus (PCG); (ii) the left AMYG has greater inhibitory effects on the INS, IFG, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), PCG, and supplementary motor area (SMA); (iii) the left ACC has more inhibitory effects on the INS and IFG; (iv) the right ACC is more inhibitedeizures. Selleck JAK inhibitor Furthermore, they may suggest that emotion regulation through cognitive behavioral psychotherapies can be a potentially effective treatment modality.

Due to the high demand for information regarding COVID-19 vaccination in people with epilepsy (PWE), we assessed the symptoms and seizure control of PWE following their COVID-19 vaccination.

All adult patients who were treated at our center were asked to report on their vaccination status and, if vaccinated, about their experiences following their first COVID-19 vaccination with regard to adverse effects and seizure control.

Fifty-four PWE have already received their first vaccination against COVID-19 (27 female, 20% seizure free, 96<% on antiseizure medication) and were included in the study. Two-thirds tolerated the vaccines generally either very well or well. Thirty-three percent reported general vaccination adverse effects. The most frequently reported general adverse effects were, in descending order, headache, fatigue and fever, and shivering. With regard to epilepsy-related adverse effects, one patient reported increased seizure frequency one day after the first COVID-19 vaccination was administered, and one reported the occurrence of a new seizure type. None of the patients reported a status epilepticus or aggravation of preexisting adverse effects.

Our data suggest that vaccination against COVID-19 appears to be well tolerated in PWE, supporting the recommendation of vaccination to PWE.

Our data suggest that vaccination against COVID-19 appears to be well tolerated in PWE, supporting the recommendation of vaccination to PWE.

Daily variations of macro- and trace-elements in human milk (HM) are not well characterised and sampling protocols are highly variable between studies.

To investigate diurnal and within-feed variation of HM macro- and trace-elements using pre- and post- feed concentrations and to compare infant intake estimates using limited samples with measured 24-hour intake.

HM Samples were collected pre- and post- every feed in a 24-hour period from 11 mother-infant dyads. Test-weighing was used to determine the volume of HM consumed in each feed. For macro- and trace-elements within-feed and daily variation was measured. Intake estimated from a morning pre-feed sample was compared to the measured milk intake calculated from every feed over 24-hours. Macro- and trace-elements concentrations were measured using ICP-MS. Linear mixed modelling was used for statistical analysis.

Average intake of HM was 737±63mL for infants aged 1-6months and 508±50 for infants aged 6-12months. Pre- and post-feed HM variation was found for phosphorus, calcium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, selenium, molybdenum, and iodine (p<0.05). Variation across 24h was found for magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, manganese, iron, and selenium (p<0.05). Estimated intake using morning, pre-feed samples resulted in significantly lower intake when compared to measured milk intake for iron, phosphorus, selenium, and manganese (p<0.05).

Standardised sampling protocols using large sample volumes and multiple collections over 24-hours provide a calculated intake that is more reflective of actual infant HM macro- and trace-elements intake.

Standardised sampling protocols using large sample volumes and multiple collections over 24-hours provide a calculated intake that is more reflective of actual infant HM macro- and trace-elements intake.Investigation has been made of the radioluminescence dose response of Ge-doped silica flat and cylindrical fibers subjected to 6 and 10 MV photon beams. The fibers have been custom fabricated, obtaining Ge dopant concentrations of 6 and 10 mol%, subsequently cut into 20 mm lengths. Each sample has been exposed under a set of similar conditions, with use made of a fixed field size and source to surface distance (SSD). Investigation of dosimetric performance has involved radioluminescence linearity, dose-rate dependence, energy dependence, and reproducibility. Mass for mass, the 6 mol% Ge-doped samples provided the greater radioluminescence yield, with both flat and cylindrical fibers responding linearly to the absorbed dose. Further found has been that the cylindrical fibers provided a yield some 38% greater than that of the flat fibers. At 6 MV, the cylindrical fibers were also found to exhibit repeatability variation of less then 1%, superior to that of the flat fibers, offering strong potential for use in real-time dosimetry applications.In this work, a simple and efficient method for producing high radionuclidic purity 111In from an enriched 112Cd target was developed. The enriched 112Cd metal target formed by cyanide-free electroplating was bombarded with protons of 21 MeV in a CS-30 cyclotron. Then, we explored a purification scheme using CL-P204 cation exchange resin wherein 98% of the 111In in the bombarded target could be extracted in less than 1 h. The purified 111In in the form of [111In]In-chloride had a high radionuclidic purity (99.9%) and a low impurity concentration ( less then 1.2 ppm). The yield of 111In via the reaction of 112Cd (p, 2n) 111In was measured to be 222 ± 5 MBq/μA∙h. In addition, a chemical procedure for collecting the unreacted 112Cd at a recovery rate of 96.6% was explored.