ms at the gut, that can become apparent in a reduced fish performance. The need for fishmeal replacement by alternative ingredients such as plant sources to ensure the sustainability of the aquaculture sector has led the research assessing the intestinal status of fish to be of increasing importance. This scientific work provides further knowledge about the proteins and biologic processes altered in the gut in response to plant protein based diets, suggesting the loss of part of gut mucosa functionality. Nevertheless, the inclusion of alternative marine ingredients was able to reverse these negative effects, showing as a feasible option to develop sustainable aquafeeds. The incidence of severe filamentous fungi infections has increased over the past decade. Some of these filamentous fungi are resistant to available antifungals; it is thus urgent to find new compounds that are active against such life-threatening pathogens. Here, 1280 drugs (Prestwick Chemical Library) were tested against six multidrug-resistant filamentous fungi including, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Scedosporium, Rhizopus and Lichtheimia species. We identified several hits that induce fungal growth inhibition ≥ 70%. Clioquinol, alexidine dihydrochloride, hexachlorophene and thonzonium bromide, displayed a broad activity against all strains tested. This study enriches the potential antifungal options that can be used against multidrug-resistant invasive fungal diseases. BACKGROUND Linezolid is an antibiotic frequently used to treat vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infections. Vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus faecalis can develop resistance to linezolid in environments with excessive linezolid use. AIM To define risk factors and outcome associated with the acquisition of linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis. METHODS A retrospective study of cases and controls was designed involving patients hospitalized from January 2014 to October 2017 at the Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde.” Fifty patients with a culture positive for Enterococcus faecalis resistant to linezolid and 100 controls hospitalized in the same room and date as the cases were included. Clinical and demographic data were collected and analyzed. RESULTS Risk factors for the presence of E. faecalis resistant to linezolid included prior linezolid use (OR 6.7), prior clindamycin use (OR 6.7), and previous surgery (OR 5.7). The mortality rate for cases was 18% on the LREF versus 9% for controls. CONCLUSIONS Linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis has emerged and spread in our hospital, an environment in which linezolid use is considerable. Risk factors for linezolid-resistant E. faecalis are prior antibiotic use, including linezolid, and previous surgery. OBJECTIVES We aimed to compare the discontinuation rates attributed to adverse events and treatment outcomes between clarithromycin and azithromycin in patients with Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease (MAC-LD). METHODS Among patients diagnosed with MAC-LD in 2001-2013, 560 in whom treatment was initiated as a guideline-based therapy until May 2018 were selected for adverse event analysis. Of them, 316 patients who underwent treatment for ≥12 months were selected for outcome analysis. DDD86481 cost Their medical records were retrospectively reviewed. The discontinuation and treatment success rates were analyzed after adjustments using the inverse probability of treatment weighted (IPTW) method. RESULTS Among the 560 patients, 466 (83.2%) and 94 (16.8%) were initiated CLR- and AZM-containing regimens, respectively. The IPTW method using propensity score revealed that the discontinuation rate attributed to adverse events was significantly higher with CLR use than with AZM use (24.6% vs. 9.6%; P = 0.001). The overall treatment success rate of the 316 patients who received guideline-based therapy for ≥12 months was 83.2%. Analysis adjusted by the IPTW method showed no significant difference in the treatment success rate between the use of CLR and AZM; furthermore, 1- and 3-year recurrence rates were similar with the two drugs (6.8% vs. 6.0%; P > 0.999 and 31.0% vs. 37.5%; P = 0.482, respectively). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that AZM containing regimen may be the better initial choice for the treatment of MAC-LD as it results in lesser discontinuation rate attributed to adverse events while offering similar patient outcomes when compared with the CLR. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the susceptibility of clinical isolates of Enterobacterales andP. aeruginosa to fosfomycin, and to determine concordance of disk diffusion (DD) and broth microdilution (BMD) with agar dilution (AD) for fosfomycin susceptibility testing. METHODS The activity of fosfomycin against 225 clinical isolates ofE. coli (n = 64), K. pneumoniae (n = 68), Enterobacter spp (n = 28) and P. aeruginosa (n = 65), was tested by AD, DD and BMD. For DD, results were recorded considering and not considering colonies growing within the inhibition halo, as recommended by CLSI and EUCAST, respectively. We used E. coli breakpoints for all Enterobacterales. Results were reported as categorical agreement, major errors (false resistant), very major errors (false susceptible), and minor errors (any other discrepancies). RESULTS Susceptibility to fosfomycin of all tested species was >90% by AD. Following CLSI guidelines, DD was the only method reaching ≥ 90% CA with AD forE. coli and K. pneumoniae, albeit yielding 6% of ME. Neither DD nor BMD achieved acceptable CA percentages for Enterobacter spp. Following EUCAST guidelines, none of the methods had CA ≥ 90%. For Enterobacterales, the best performance of DD is achieved when read as indicated by EUCAST, but interpreted according the CLSI breakpoints (>97% CA; 0% VME; ≤2% ME). For P. aeruginosa, MBD yields the best results (89% CA; 0% VME; 11% ME). CONCLUSIONS Neither DD or BMD provide accurate results due to unacceptable ME and VME percentages even when performed as intended by the guidelines. BACKGROUND About one-third of the food produced in the world is lost or wasted every year. Contamination can cause significant food loss throughout the entire supply chain, including harvesting, processing, storage, and transport to consumers. This study evaluated ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light and curcumin-mediated photodynamic inactivation (PDI) for the decontamination of meat and fruit. METHODS The cut pieces of food samples contaminated with E. coli or S. aureus were submitted to photonic treatments. For UV-C, samples were irradiated with UV-C lamps (254 nm) for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 10 min. For PDI, samples were incubated using 40 and 80 μM curcumin and irradiated with 450 nm at 5, 10, and 15 J/cm2 of light doses. The microbiological analysis was performed by counting the colony-forming unit (CFU). RESULTS UV-C irradiation reduced the number of E. coli in beef by (1.0 ± 0.2) log10 CFU/mL after 5 min of exposure. In chicken and pork, the numbers of E. coli were reduced by (1.6 ± 0.7) log10 CFU/mL and (1.6 ± 0.