Our study provides elements for better understanding the role of the collagen metabolism in the onset of cognitive impairment.

To test the hypothesis that genetic risk for Alzheimer disease (AD) may represent a stable influence on the brain from early in life, rather than being primarily age dependent, we investigated in a lifespan sample of 1,181 persons with a total of 2,690 brain scans, whether higher polygenic risk score (PGS) for AD and presence of

ε4 was associated with lower hippocampal volumes to begin with, as an offset effect, or possibly faster decline in older age.

Using general additive mixed models, we assessed the relations of PGS for AD, including variants in

with hippocampal volume and its change in a cognitively healthy longitudinal lifespan sample (age range 4-95 years, mean visit age 39.7 years, SD 26.9 years), followed for up to 11 years.

AD-PGS and

ε4 in isolation showed a significant negative effect on hippocampal volume. The effect of a 1 sample SD increase in AD-PGS on hippocampal volume was estimated to -36.4 mm

(confidence interval [CI] -71.8, -1.04) and the effect of carrying ε4 allele(s) -107.0 mm

(CI -182.0, -31.5). Offset effects of AD-PGS and

ε4 were present in hippocampal development, and interactions between age and genetic risk on volume change were not consistently observed.

Endophenotypic manifestation of polygenic risk for AD may be seen across the lifespan in cognitively healthy persons, not being confined to clinical populations or older age. This emphasizes that a broader population and age range may be relevant targets for attempts to prevent AD.

Endophenotypic manifestation of polygenic risk for AD may be seen across the lifespan in cognitively healthy persons, not being confined to clinical populations or older age. This emphasizes that a broader population and age range may be relevant targets for attempts to prevent AD.The present research tested if having first year medical students complete active learning workshops would reduce their implicit stereotyping of Hispanics as medically noncompliant. The workshops were tested with 78-majority (White) group, 16-target minority (Hispanic, African-American and American-Indian) group, and 42-non-target minority (Asian-American and foreign born students from East Asia and Southeast Asia) group students in the 2018 and 2021 classes in the American Southwest. Prior to the workshops, students completed an implicit association test (IAT), and then participated in two workshops that covered the psychology of intergroup bias, the role of implicit bias in patient care, and activities for learning six strategies for controlling the implicit stereotyping of patients. The results showed that before the workshops, the level of implicit stereotyping of Hispanics was significant for the majority and non-target minority group students, but it was not significant for the target minority group students. After the workshops, target minority students again showed no bias, and implicit stereotyping was significantly lower for the majority group students, but not for the non-target minority students. The results suggest that the workshops may have been effective for majority group and target minority group students, but that more cultural tailoring of the materials and activities may be necessary to address implicit bias among some minority group medical students.The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was identified in the late 2019 as the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an acute respiratory viral illness. Patients with chronic underlying conditions may have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. Kidney transplant recipients may be at a uniquely increased risk of serious complications from COVID-19 as compared to the general population because of a chronically immunosuppressed state and a high prevalence of comorbidities like diabetes, heart disease, and lung disease. check details Early data suggest that the mortality of patients on dialysis may be comparable to those with kidney transplants, although more research is needed. This concise review aims to describe the epidemiology of COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients, manifestations, appropriate management, and clinical outcomes based on the available literature. Current evidence on many of the specific antiviral measures against COVID-19 has not shown a clear-cut benefit in smaller studies and the results of several ongoing larger clinical trials are awaited. In addition, we also highlight the impact of COVID-19 on kidney transplant center practice and volumes; potential living or deceased donors, recipients; and induction immunosuppression and surgical strategies.Doppler ultrasound, including intrarenal resistance index (RI) measurement, is a widely used modality to assess kidney transplantation (KTx) vascularization. The aim of this study is to gain insight in the associations between early postoperative RI measurements and cardiovascular events (CVEs), all-cause mortality, and death-censored graft survival.

From 2015 to 2017, a prospective cohort study was conducted in patients in which RI measurement was performed immediately after KTx. The RI was calculated as (peak systolic velocity-end-diastolic velocity)/peak systolic velocity. End points were CVEs, all-cause mortality, and graft failure. Kaplan-Meier analyses (logrank test) were used for differences in end points. Univariate and multivariate associations were investigated by means of Cox regression analyses.

RI cutoff of 0.70 was used. We included 339 recipients, of which 271 (80%) had an RI ≤ 0.70 and 68 (20%) had an RI > 0.70. CVEs were observed in 27 (8%) patients, 27 (8%) patients died, and 17 (5%) pactors, whereas no independent association was found with overall survival and graft failure. For the interpretation of RI measurements after KTx surgery, patients’ cardiovascular state should be taken into consideration.Higher Banff inflammation and chronicity scores on kidney transplant biopsies are associated with poorer graft survival, although histology alone has limitations in predicting outcomes. We investigated if integrating donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA, Allosure; CareDx, Inc.) with Banff biopsy scores into a predictive model for estimated glomerular filtration rate over time can improve prognostic assessment versus histology alone.

We identified 180 kidney transplant patients with dd-cfDNA assessed within 1 mo of biopsy. Using linear mixed-effects models, a prediction model of Banff histology scores and dd-cfDNA on estimated glomerular filtration rate over time was derived. Nested models were compared using the likelihood-ratio test, Akaike Information Criterion, and Bayesian Information Criterion to assess if inclusion of dd-cfDNA into a model consisting of Banff biopsy scores would improve model fit.

Univariate models identified significant covariate-by-time interactions for cg = 3 versus <3 (coefficient -1.