Electrokinetic remediation is a widely admitted technology forrectifying heavy metal-contaminated soil. Various technologies have been effectively developed to improve the metal removal efficiency of contaminated soil by electrochemical treatment alone or in combination with other remediation technologies. The working components for electrokinetic system, such as supplying power for electric fields, installing electrodes to generate electric fields, introducing electrolytes and other potential materials as a reactive medium are crucial. This review focuses on the specific functions of the working components in electrokinetic systems and their effects on the efficiency of heavy metal removal using electrochemical process. The advancements in working components were systematically summarized, such as power for electric fields, electrodes, electrolytes and ion exchange membrane, which have various impacts on the effectiveness of electrokinetic remediation. Additionally, this study introduces the application of dominating technologies at present coupled with electrokinetics. Overall, a judicious design and reasonable operation in the application of electrokinetic-coupled remediation should be implemented to enhance the removal process of heavy metals from contaminated soil.Over past twenty years, daily usage of Microplastics (MPs) and their pollution are gradually increasing. Especially, the polyethylene bags were used for food storage. So their productivity as well discarding after use are rapidly growing and shown their great impact on the environment. Hence, there is need to control the plastics from environment decomposition. For that, we have attempted that preparation of NiAl2O4 Spinels by two different methods such as co-precipitation and hydrothermal. The synthesized spinels were thoroughly studied by some instrumental techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and ultraviolet (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer). The photocatalytic experiment was adopted for the degradation of commercially available polyethylene bags using prepared spinels. The obtained results from FTIR after degradation process confirmed that the polyethylene sheet was degraded in 5 h with the help of prepared spinels and the weight loss is 12.5% obtained using hydrothermally prepared spinels. This study shows new path to develop more functional materials for the degradation of MPs.Root exudates are released by plant roots and are important carrier substances for material exchange and information transmission among plants and the rhizosphere. In the present study, the effect of dinotefuran on root exudates of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa var. chinensis) was investigated. The physiological activities revealed that dinotefuran uptake caused oxidative stress in vegetable tissues even at low dinotefuran exposure levels. The metabolic profile of plant root exudates acquired by LC-QTOF/MS was clearly changed by dinotefuran, where the numbers of both up- and down-regulated MS peaks increased with increasing dinotefuran concentration. Under dinotefuran stress, some osmotic adjustment substances (proline and betaine) and defence-related metabolites (spermidine, phenylalanine and some phenolic acids) were significantly upregulated, which may help plants adapt to adverse environmental conditions. selleck chemicals llc Specifically, the contents of some phenylalanine-derived secondary metabolites increased with increasing dinotefuran concentration, which may increase the external detoxification ability of plants. Moreover, respiration metabolism was significantly affected, where some intermediates in the TCA cycle (succinic acid and malic acid) were upregulated with low-level dinotefuran exposure; however, anaerobic respiration products (lactic acid and 3-phenyllactic acid) were accumulated at high exposure levels. In addition, the release of glucosinolates was significantly inhibited in both dinotefuran treatment groups.There is evidence that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and human gut microbiota are associated with the modulation of endocrine signaling pathways. Independently, studies have found associations between air pollution, land cover and commensal microbiota. We are the first to estimate the interaction between land cover categories associated with air pollution or purification, PAH levels and endocrine signaling predicted from gut metagenome among urban and rural populations. The study participants were elderly people (65-79 years); 30 lived in rural and 32 in urban areas. Semi-Permeable Membrane devices were utilized to measure air PAH concentrations as they simulate the process of bioconcentration in the fatty tissues. Land cover categories were estimated using CORINE database and geographic information system. Functional orthologues for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathway in endocrine system were analyzed from gut bacterial metagenome with Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes. High coverage of broad-leaved and mixed forests around the homes were associated with decreased PAH levels in ambient air, while gut functional orthologues for PPAR pathway increased along with these forest types. The difference between urban and rural PAH concentrations was not notable. However, some rural measurements were higher than the urban average, which was due to the use of heavy equipment on active farms. The provision of air purification by forests might be an important determining factor in the context of endocrine disruption potential of PAHs. Particularly broad-leaved forests around homes may reduce PAH levels in ambient air and balance pollution-induced disturbances within commensal gut microbiota.Settled algae may be used as nutrient for macrophyte establishment, but also can induce marked macrophyte decline during deep anaerobic decomposition. Sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) may promote the utilization of algae-derived nutrients and relieve bio-toxicity from settled algae to submerged macrophytes, thus facilitating plant production. To test these hypotheses, a 62-day comparative study was designed and conducted in microcosms with the following six treatments control (open-circuit SMFC), plant (open-circuit SMFC with plants), algae (open-circuit SMFC with algae), algae-plant (open-circuit SMFC with algae and plants), algae-SMFC (closed-circuit SMFC with algae), and algae-plant-SMFC (closed-circuit SMFC with algae and plants). The results showed that the presence of Hydrilla verticillata improved the power generation of SMFCs when algae were used as substrates during the whole operation. The decomposition of sedimented algae experienced two periods since the injection. During the slight decomposition period (14-38 day), the algal retention in sediments was enhanced by H.