On the contrary, angiogenesis and SOX11 expression negatively correlate with macrophage’s inflammatory infiltrate and p53 expression. STAT3 mRNA expression level was not relevant concerning angiogenesis or SOX11 expression. Overall, our data indicate that, in MCL, SOX11 expression is associated with increased angiogenesis and a high CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell infiltration, which are not sustained by CD163+ macrophages infiltrate and p53 expression. Proteins that regulate transcription often also play an architectural role in the genome. Thus, it has been difficult to define with precision the distinctions between transcription factors and nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs). Selleck BMS-1 inhibitor Anachronistic descriptions of NAPs as ‘histone-like’ implied an organizational function in a bacterial chromatin-like complex. Definitions based on protein abundance, regulatory mechanisms, target gene number, or the features of their DNA-binding sites are insufficient as marks of distinction, and trying to distinguish transcription factors and NAPs based on their ranking within regulatory hierarchies or positions in gene-control networks is also unsatisfactory. The terms ‘transcription factor’ and ‘NAP’ are ad hoc operational definitions with each protein lying along a spectrum of structural and functional features extending from highly specific actors with few gene targets to those with a pervasive influence on the transcriptome. The Streptomyces BldC protein is used to illustrate these issues. Geographic variation in health care utilization has raised concerns of possible inefficiencies in health care supply, as differences are often not reflected in health outcomes. Using comprehensive Norwegian microdata, we exploit cross-region migration to analyze regional variation in health care utilization. Our results indicate that place factors account for half of the difference in utilization between high and low utilization regions, while the rest reflects patient demand. We further document heterogeneous impacts of place across socioeconomic groups. Place factors account for 75% of the regional utilization difference for high school dropouts, and 40% for high school graduates; for patients with a college degree, the impact of place is negligible. We find no statistically significant association between the estimated place effects and overall mortality. However, we document a negative association between place effects and utilization-intensive causes of death such as cancer, suggesting high-supply regions may achieve modestly improved health outcomes. BACKGROUND Child sexual abuse (CSA) is associated with a number of pernicious outcomes, including adverse parenting outcomes among mothers who experienced CSA (MCSA). Despite the large literature on these outcomes, gaps and uncertainties in the literature exist. Specifically, while previous literature has shown that some MCSA have their parenting negatively affected by CSA, others do not, and potential mechanisms explaining these variations, such as mental health and characteristics of the CSA experience, have not been fully explored. OBJECTIVES To investigate (1) how MCSA believe their CSA experiences have affected their parenting, if at all; (2) what factors may be contributing to these perceived effects; and (3) what resources or intervention components MCSA believe they need to cope with their experiences. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Participants were MCSA primarily from the UK and the Republic of Ireland. METHODS MCSA were recruited through partner organizations specializing in parenting, child abuse, and mental health to complete an online survey with both qualitative and quantitative components. Qualitative data were thematically synthesized and subgroup analyses were conducted. RESULTS MCSA reported that their CSA experiences most affected their desire to protect their child from experiencing abuse. Additionally, breastfeeding, child-rearing practices, the mother-child relationship, and perceptions of motherhood and the child were reported to be affected. CONCLUSIONS Given that MCSA have reported their CSA experiences to negatively affect several aspects of parenting, evidence-based interventions are needed. Participant concerns regarding parenting and suggestions made by participants in this study for interventions may aid in intervention development. OBJECTIVE To describe how front-line managers of maternity wards provide support to midwives as second victims in the aftermath of an adverse incident. DESIGN A qualitative study using critical incident technique and a content analytic approach of semi-structured in-depth interviews. SETTING Maternity wards in 10 Norwegian hospitals with more than 200 registered births annually were included in the study. PARTICIPANTS A purposeful sample of 33 midwives with more than two years’ working experience described 57 adverse incidents. FINDINGS Maternity ward managers utilised four types of practices to support midwives after critical incidents management, transformational leadership, distributed leadership and laissez-faire leadership. KEY CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The study shows that proactive managers who planned for how to handle critical incidents provided midwives with needed individual support and learning. Proactive transformational leadership and delegating roles for individual support should be promoted when assisting second victims after critical incidents. Managers can limit the potential harm to second victims by preparing for the eventuality of a crisis and institute follow-up practices. OBJECTIVE Although fear of birth is common during pregnancy and childbirth, the best treatment for fear of birth in clinical care remain unclear. Strong evidence suggests that continuity models of midwifery care can benefit women and birth outcomes, though such models are rare in Sweden. Because women with fear of birth could benefit from such models, the aim of this qualitative study was to examine how women with fear of birth and their midwives experienced care in a modified caseload midwifery model. METHODS A qualitative interview study using thematic analysis. Participants were recruited from a pilot study in which women assessed to have fear of birth received antenatal and intrapartum care, from a midwife whom they knew. Eight women and four midwives were interviewed. RESULTS An overarching theme-“A mutual relationship instilled a sense of peace and security”-and three themes-“Closeness, continuity, and trust,” “Preparation and counselling,” and “Security, confidence, and reduced fear”-reflect the views and experiences of women with fear of birth and their midwives after participating in a modified caseload midwifery model.