Discussion The falls in elderly are on rise and taking the shape of an epidemic. Prevention of these falls is far better than the management. Safe living environment of the elderly people helps in prevention of these falls. The management of the falls should focus on the causative factors, apart from treating the injuries caused by the falls. © Indian Orthopaedics Association 2020.Background This systematic review is an attempt to provide an evidence-based analysis of literature on management of severely displaced radial neck fractures (with > 60° displacement) in children. Material and Methods A systematic literature search was conducted to identify all original articles published between 01/01/1999 and 20/01/17 on surgical treatment of radial neck fractures in children in the following databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL PLUS. Studies reporting pre-operative fracture displacement and post-operative outcomes according to standard outcome measures were included. Results Out of 887 studies identified on initial search, 48 were eligible for full-text review and 14 studies with a total of 173 patients were included in the final review. The overall success rate after severely displaced radial neck fractures in skeletally immature patients was 87% (95% CI, 82%, 92%). Closed reduction methods reported higher success rate of 90% (95% CI, 85%, 95%) compared to open reduction methods 77% (95% CI, 63%, 89%). Conclusion The average rate of patients achieving excellent/good outcomes following surgical management after severely displaced radial neck fractures in this review is better than reports from previous reviews. Considering the limitations in current evidence base including lack of direct comparison of techniques and small study samples, large comparative studies controlling for possible confounders are merited. © Indian Orthopaedics Association 2020.Background The clubfoot is one of the commonly found congenital deformities in newborn. The Ponseti method is the most effective nonoperative clubfoot management method. It is based on understanding of pathoanatomy of clubfoot. For classifying severity of clubfoot, Pirani score is used. The number of cast required for clubfoot correction is dependent on its initial Pirani score. This study aimed on how the number of cast for correction of clubfoot deformity depends on starting time of casting and pretreatment Pirani score. Materials and Methods This study comprises of 200 patients with 297 affected foot nonoperatively managed with Ponseti technique of casting. We measured initial and final Pirani scores of patients with different age groups. Results We found that initial severity was less in 0-1 month age group children but mean casting number was more while initial severity was more in 1-2 month age group, the mean number of casting was less. Tenotomy requirement was also less in 1-2 month age group. Conclusion We concluded that casting according to the Ponseti method should be started in 1-2 months age group which shows better results than the other age groups in clubfoot. © Indian Orthopaedics Association 2020.Background Lateralising calcaneal osteotomy for pes cavus is generally regarded to be harder to shift than a medialising calcaneal osteotomy for pes planus. Sorafenib D3 The aim of our study was to determine the structures which restrain a lateral shift. Methods Lateralising calcaneal osteotomy was performed on four soft-embalmed cadavers via a standard lateral approach and the lateral calcaneal shift was measured before and after the release of flexor retinaculum. Further exploratory dissection around the osteotomy site revealed the abductor hallucis muscle to be the main restraint to the lateral shift of the calcaneus. Subsequently, lateralising calcaneal osteotomy was performed on another four cadavers and the abductor hallucis muscle fascia as well as the plantar fascia was released. The lateral shift was measured before and after the fascia release, and compared with the results achieved following the flexor retinaculum release in the first four cadavers. Results Lateralising calcaneal osteotomy alone resulted in an average of 4.5-mm lateral shift in the first four cadaveric specimens. Releasing the flexor retinaculum led to a further 3-mm increase of lateral shift on average. In the next four cadaveric specimens, lateralising calcaneal osteotomy alone resulted in an average of 5.5-mm lateral shift. Release of abductor hallucis muscle fascia and the plantar fascia in these four specimens increased the lateral shift by an additional 7 mm on average. Hence, release of abductor hallucis muscle fascia resulted in an extra 4-mm shift on average compared with what is achieved with flexor retinaculum release. Conclusions Abductor hallucis muscle fascia was discovered to be one of the main structures limiting the lateral shift in lateralising calcaneal osteotomy. Release of fascia over this muscle as well as the plantar fascia should help in improving lateral shift. Further experimental and clinical research is necessary to confirm the findings of this pilot study. © Indian Orthopaedics Association 2020.Introduction Although many treatment modalities including rest, stretching, strengthening, change of shoes, arch supports, orthotics, night splints and anti-inflammatory agents have been advocated for plantar fasciitis, there is no report in the literature which compares the independent effectiveness of each treatment modality without the concomitant use of any other one. Methods A double blind, randomized controlled study was undertaken where 140 patients of plantar fasciitis were divided into four groups with 35 patients each. Patients in four groups received analgesics, hot water fomentation and silicon heel pads, plantar fascia stretching and calf stretching exercises, respectively. Heel pain was evaluated using Foot Function Index (FFI) and disability using Foot and Ankle Disability Index (FADI). Clinical evaluation was done weekly up to a period of 4 months and then at 6 months, 8 months, 10 months and 12 months. Results Mean age of patients was 43.4 ± 10.6 years with average duration of symptoms being 27.