The anti-vascular effect could only be observed when laser and ultrasound were properly synchronized in vivo. CONCLUSION PUT is more efficient when the laser-induced photoacoustic wave overlays the rarefactional phase of the ultrasonic wave. SIGNIFICANCE This is a systematic study to investigate the synchronization effect of PUT, which would be significant for further understanding the mechanism and further improving the treatment efficiency of PUT.Interstitial fibrosis is a pathological expansion of the heart’s inter-cellular collagen matrix. It is a potential complication of nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM), a class of diseases involving electrical and or mechanical dysfunction of cardiac tissue not caused by atherosclerosis. Patients with NICM and interstitial fibrosis often suffer from life threatening arrhythmias, which we aim to simulate in this study.Pathogenic bacterial infections are a significant threat to human safety and health. Recent researches on the application of nanoparticles as imaging, detecting agents have evidenced their huge potential for infectious disease management. 2-Hydroxybenzylamine order Among these nanoparticles, carbon dots (CDs) have attracted much attention as a new and innovative nanoparticle owing to their unique optical and physicochemical properties as well as their higher biosafety. Thus, CDs are becoming superior candidates for imaging and detection of pathogenic bacteria. This review provides an overview of research advances and the mechanisms in the imaging and detection pathogenic bacteria such as “switch on” sensor, “on-off” sensor, förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), etc. Further, our discussion extends to exploring the antibacterial effects of CDs, which is considered to be a potentially promising antibacterial agent. This review would provide the basis and the direction for the further commercial applications of CDs in imaging, detecting and eliminating pathogenic bacteria. The challenges associated with CDs in monitoring of pathogenic bacteria and future directions in this field are also presented. V.An electrochemiluminescence (ECL) three-dimensional (3D) DNA nanomachine is developed for microRNA-141 (miRNA-141) detection by coupling Pb2+ dependent DNAzyme assisted target recycling amplification technology with multiple ECL resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) system. Firstly, Pb2+ dependent DNAzyme is formed by three single strand DNA (ssDNA) A1, A2 and the target miRNA-141. In the presence of Pb2+, the specific recognition site of the DNAzyme is cleaved and a large number of secondary targets (A3) are released. Secondly, the 3D DNA nanomachine consists of four ssDNA H1, H2, H3 and the probe (two ends are labeled with alexa fluor (AF) and a nanocomposite (PtNCs@Ru(dcbpy)32+) which is prepared by polyethyleneimine platinum nanoclusters and tris(4,4′-dicarboxylicacid-2,2′-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) dichloride). Then, the 3D DNA nanomachine is assembled on the gold nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode. Afterwards, A3 is employed to hybridize with the probe, triggering the movement of the nanomachine and forming the multiple ECL-RET system. In this system, AF, serves as an effective energy transfer donor, which can transfer energy to PtNCs and Ru(dcbpy)32+directly. Meanwhile, PtNCs, both as the acceptor and donor, can accept energy from AF and transfer it to Ru(dcbpy)32+. As a result, The biosensor achieves enhanced ECL efficiency, which is 1.78 times that of the classic tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) dichloride (Ru(bpy)32+) and exhibits good responses to miRNA-141 in the linear range from 10 aM to 100 nM with a detection limit of 3.3 aM. Also, the obtained biosensor can be employed to detect miRNA-141 in human serum samples, which will be of great significance in bioanalysis. Herein, we developed a hierarchical bio-composite sensing film by facile one-step electro-deposition of 0D enzyme-polymer nanoparticles (NPs) with 2D graphene oxide nanosheets as conductive supports and nanofillers, based on which an effective and robust enzymatic biosensor platform was constructed. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a model enzyme was co-assembled with a photo-cross-linkable polypeptide of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate modified poly(γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA-HEMA), generating hybrid HRP@γ-PGA-HEMA nanoparticles (HRP@PGH NPs). Then HRP@PGH NPs and graphene oxide nanosheets (GO NSs) were simultaneously electrodeposited onto the electrode surface, obtaining a hierarchical 0D-2D bio-composite film. After subsequent electrochemical reduction of GO NSs into graphene nanosheets (GNSs) and following photo-cross-linking, the resultant nanostructured HRP@PGH/GNSs sensing film was successfully applied to construct an enzymatic biosensor for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The biosensor exerted high sensitivity, fast response, and good stability for H2O2 sensing. Satisfactory results were also demonstrated for its practical application in human serum samples, suggesting a promising application potential in biomedical diagnostics. The one-step generated 0D-2D bio-composite sensing film demonstrates synergetic effects from both the soft nanoparticles and hard conductive nanosheets, which would enlighten the innovative construction of composite nanomaterials and nanoarchitectonics for bio-sensing systems. Soft molecularly imprinted nanogels (nanoMIPs), selective for human transferrin (HTR), were prepared via a template assisted synthesis. Owing to their soft matter, the nanoMIPs were observed to deform at binding to HTR while no relevant changes were observed in the hydrodynamic sizes of HTR-free compared to HTR-loaded nanoMIPs, the HTR binding resulted in a significant increment of the nanoMIP stiffness, with the mean Young’s modulus measured by AFM passing from 17 ± 6 kPa to 56 ± 18 kPa. When coupled to a plastic optical fibre (POF) plasmonic platform, the analyte-induced nanoMIP-deformations amplified the resonance shift, enabling to attain ultra-low sensitivities (LOD = 1.2 fM; linear dynamic range of concentrations from 1.2 fM to 1.8 pM). Therefore, soft molecularly imprinted nanogels that obey to analyte-induced deformation stand as a novel class of sensitivity-gain structures for plasmonic sensing.