79), item-total correlation = 0.479 to 0.628; and (2) self-efficacy (Cronbach’s α = .85), item-total correlation = 0.560 to 0.697. Exploratory factor analysis supported 2 unidimensional scales. The regression models supported a relationship between each scale and Pap testing adherence.

The data suggested barriers and self-efficacy scales were reliable and valid among Black women. Barriers and self-efficacy could be tailored in future interventions to increase Pap testing adherence.

Nurses could use responses to these scales for framing discussions about Pap testing.

Nurses could use responses to these scales for framing discussions about Pap testing.

Patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) require extensive care, and their caregivers were previously found to experience high levels of caregiver’s burden. However, the current status of HSCT patient caregiver burden in Suzhou, China, is still unknown.

To investigate the current status of caregiver burden among family caregivers of HSCT patients from Suzhou, China, and explore the related factors of caregiver burden.

This cross-sectional study enrolled 116 HSCT patient-caregiver dyads. The following measurement tools were used a demographic questionnaire, Zarit Burden Interview, and World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire (brief version). Multiple regression model was used to analyze the factors associated with caregiver burden, and the relationship between caregiver burden and quality of life was analyzed.

Caregivers’ marital status, family monthly income, duration of caregiving, daily caregiving time, other cocaregivers, transplant-related complications, and relapse were closely related to caregiver burden, and 75.4% of the variance in caregivers’ burden was explained by these factors. A negative correlation between caregiver burden and quality of life was noted.

The HSCT patient caregivers’ burden noted in this study was higher than that found in previous studies. The quality of life of HSCT patient caregivers is lower than that of the average Chinese population and decreases with a greater sense of burden.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patient caregivers should be given appropriate social support to reduce their burden of care. Factors identified in this study may help center future intervention programs on caregivers who need help the most.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patient caregivers should be given appropriate social support to reduce their burden of care. Factors identified in this study may help center future intervention programs on caregivers who need help the most.

Trans and gender-diverse people with a cervix experience difficulties accessing cervical cancer screening because of structural, interpersonal, and individual barriers.

The aim of this study was to explore issues with cervical cancer screening participation, awareness, and healthcare provider recommendation for trans and gender-diverse people.

A national Australian survey was conducted in 2018 to 2019. Participants included 196 trans and gender-diverse people with a cervix. Data were analyzed using descriptive and multiple regression analyses. Two awareness items related to cervical cancer screening, healthcare provider recommendation, and cervical cancer screening participation were assessed. Four variables associated with cervical cancer screening were included in the regression age, healthcare provider recommendation, like for body, and gender.

The sample was young; half (52.6%) were aged 20 to 24 years. Almost half (44.6%) had never had a healthcare provider recommend cervical cancer screening to them. Around half (48.0%) had never participated, with 21.9% reporting that they are regular screeners. More than a quarter (27.5%) of people who had screening had an abnormal result. The most common reasons for not participating in screening were that it is emotionally traumatic for them (55.3%) and inability to find a healthcare provider with whom they are comfortable (38.3%).

Trans and gender-diverse Australians with a cervix are unlikely to be regular participants in cervical cancer screening. To continue reducing cervical cancer rates, healthcare providers must address underscreening in this community.

Gender diversity training needs to be provided to healthcare providers. A2ti-1 Anti-infection inhibitor In addition, healthcare providers need to promote participation in cervical screening in this trans and gender-diverse community.

Gender diversity training needs to be provided to healthcare providers. In addition, healthcare providers need to promote participation in cervical screening in this trans and gender-diverse community.

Psychometric properties of the 38-item version of the Dutch Objective Burden Inventory (DOBI) have been evaluated primarily in older female caregivers, with no published studies that vary by a different gender and age distribution.

The aim of this study was to test the construct validity and reliability of the DOBI in caregivers of individuals with heart failure from the United States and other countries.

This secondary analysis from a cross-sectional study used an online survey. Factorial validity was tested with confirmatory factor analysis, item performance was examined with ordinal item response analysis, and convergent validity was tested correlating DOBI subscale scores with Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Scale scores. Internal consistency reliability was assessed with Cronbach α.

Item response analysis removed 14 items. Confirmatory factor analysis retained the original 4-factor solution. Original and reduced instruments demonstrated good internal consistency. Validity was supported by meaningful associations with the Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Scale.

Both the original 38-item DOBI and the reduced 24-item DOBI had support for their construct validity and internal consistency. The 24-item DOBI may be a useful alternative to the 38-item version, because it maintains psychometric properties of the original instrument while decreasing data collection burden. However, more research is needed to assess whether the shorter version is useful in assessing objective caregiving burden.

Both the original 38-item DOBI and the reduced 24-item DOBI had support for their construct validity and internal consistency. The 24-item DOBI may be a useful alternative to the 38-item version, because it maintains psychometric properties of the original instrument while decreasing data collection burden. However, more research is needed to assess whether the shorter version is useful in assessing objective caregiving burden.