The observed seasonal changes in genotype frequency suggest that these loci are under balancing selection. The ability of thermally resistant heterozygotes to survive in sun-exposed microhabitats acts to balance the loss of homozygotes during summer and enable the persistence of genetic polymorphisms. Population persistence of the mussel is also facilitated by the micro-scale variation in temperature, which provides refugia from thermal stress. Our results emphasize that inter-individual variation in thermal tolerance and in microhabitat heterogeneity in temperature are important for the persistence of populations in rocky shore habitats. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.The tri-component composite Chitosan/Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (CS/PVP) with different weight ratios of (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 wt %) of Copper-Hydroxyapatite (Cu-HAP) were prepared by solvent casting technique which was characterized by XRD, FT-IR and SEM-EDAX to confirm the formation of Cu-HAP/CS/PVP composite. The Cu-HAP/CS/PVP composite with 80 wt% Cu-HAP showed 98.73± 1.14% of porosity with highest tensile strength (101.45± 0.98 MPa) and less swelling percentage (19.51 ± 1.03%) compared to others. In-vitro antimicrobial activity was investigated against bacteria (S. aureus, B. subtilisand E. coli) and fungus (C. albicans, P. notatumand R. Stolonifer). In-vitro hemocompatibility study proves that the Cu-HAP/CS/PVP composites are blood compatible with the hemolytic ratio of less than 2%. In vitro bioactivity study revealed the formation of apatite on the optimized Cu-HAP/CS/PVP composite (80 wt% of Cu-HAP) in SBF solution. ICP-OES analysis was used to find out the leaching of Ca, P and Cu ions from the SBF. In-vitro biocompatibility was studied against human osteosarcoma cell line (HOS) by MTT assay. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. see more This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Lithium/sulfur (Li/S) battery is one of the most promising candidates for next generation energy storage systems due to its overwhelming theoretical energy density. However, the shuttle effect of polysulfides and the sluggish reaction kinetics severely hinder the development of practical Li/S batteries. Merely depending on adsorption strategy to resist the shuttle effect is insufficient to boost the overall electrochemical conversion reaction. Recently, single atom catalysts (SACs) are applied to solve this problem by decreasing the energy barriers of the sulfur species interconversion and Li2S decomposition. Herein, we summarized the research progress of using SACs in Li/S batteries, focusing on their functions and catalytic mechanism. The challenges and prospects for future application of SACs in electrochemical energy storage systems are also discussed. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.INTRODUCTION Activated partial thromboplastin time (PTT) coagulation waveforms produced by optical detection system coagulation analyzers provide additional potentially useful and routinely underutilized information for the evaluation of a patient’s coagulation system. We aimed to identify features of PTT coagulation waveforms, available for all PTT assays performed in our hospital laboratories, that may prove useful in directing early investigations in patients with unexplained prolonged PTT. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 211 PTT coagulation waveforms from patient testing and categorized them based on the underlying hemostatic abnormality normal, therapeutic anticoagulation, lupus anticoagulant, congenital factor deficiency, or acquired factor VIII inhibitor. We compared quantitative waveform parameters and the frequency of qualitatively abnormal double-peaked first derivative waveform curves between these groups. RESULTS Partial thromboplastin time and derivative curve maxima and minima differed significantly between acquired factor VIII inhibitors and other diagnostic categories, and the second derivative curve minimum demonstrated the highest area under the receiver operator characteristic curve for identification of acquired factor VIII inhibitors (0.860; maximum accuracy 79.5% for 2Dmin> -39.3 mAbs/s2 [sensitivity 90.5%; specificity 77.2%]). The presence of an abnormal double-peaked first derivative curve had a sensitivity of 83.3% and specificity of 81.6% for identification of acquired factor VIII inhibitors in cases with PTT >50 seconds. CONCLUSION Partial thromboplastin time coagulation waveform analysis can aid in identification of patients with acquired factor VIII inhibitors and may be of clinical utility in directing early laboratory investigations to identify patients at risk of severe bleeding without prompt intervention. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.High delivery efficiency, prolonged drug release, and low systemic toxicity are effective weapons for drug delivery systems to win the battle against metastatic breast cancer. Herein, it is shown that Spirulina platensis (S. platensis) can be used as natural carriers to construct a drug-loaded system for targeted delivery and fluorescence imaging-guided chemotherapy on lung metastasis of breast cancer. The chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (DOX) is loaded into S. platensis (SP) via only one facile step to fabricate the DOX-loaded SP (SP@DOX), which exhibits ultrahigh drug loading efficiency and PH-responsive drug sustained release. The rich chlorophyll endows SP@DOX excellent fluorescence imaging capability for noninvasive tracking and real-time monitoring in vivo. Moreover, the micrometer-sized and spiral-shaped SP carriers enable the as-prepared SP@DOX to passively target the lungs and result in a significantly enhanced therapeutic efficacy on lung metastasis of 4T1 breast cancer. Finally, the undelivered carriers can be biodegraded through renal clearance without notable toxicity. The SP@DOX described here presents a novel biohybrid strategy for targeted drug delivery and effective treatment on cancer metastasis. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Diet, physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep are typically examined independently with childhood adiposity; however, their combined influence remains uncertain. This review aims to systematically summarize evidence on the clustering of these behaviours through lifestyle patterns and evaluate associations with adiposity in children aged 5-12 years. Search strategies were run in six databases. Twenty-eight papers met the inclusion criteria, six of which included all four behaviours. A range of lifestyle patterns were identified (healthy, unhealthy and mixed). Mixed patterns were most frequently reported. Unhealthy patterns comprising low physical activity and high sedentary behaviour were also frequently observed. Mixed patterns comprising healthy diets, low physical activity and high sedentary behaviour were more commonly seen in girls, whereas boys were more physically active, similarly sedentary and had unhealthier diets. Children from lower socio-economic backgrounds tended to more frequently display unhealthy patterns.