In this review, the state-of-art strategies of PN hybrids for biosensing are summarized from the view of the role of nanomaterial components, i.e. immobilization matrix, catalyst, and label. Recent advances for the emerging in-field detection applications of PN hybrids with the incorporation of portable hand-held readers and miniaturized devices are then surveyed. The features of PN hybrids for the construction of these miniaturized biosensors are focused. The integration and synergy between proteins and nanomaterials for biosensing is emphasized and discussed. Deoxynivalenol (DON), a cosmopolitan mycotoxin found in agricultural commodities causes serious health maladies to human and animals when accidently consumed even at a low quantity. It necessitates selective and sensitive devices to analyse DON as the conventional methods are complex and time-consuming. This study is focused on developing a selective biosensing system using iron nanoflorets graphene nickel (INFGN) as the transducer and a specific aptamer as the biorecognition element. 3D-graphene is incorporated using a low-pressure chemical vapour deposition followed by the decoration of iron nanoflorets using electrochemical deposition. INFGN enables a feasible bio-capturing due to its large surface area. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirms the presence of the hydroxyl groups on the INFGN surface, which acts as the linker. Clear Fourier-transform infrared peak shifts affirm the changes with surface chemical modification and biomolecular assembly. The limit of detection attained is 2.11 pg mL-1 and displays high stability whereby it retains 30.65% of activity after 48 h. The designed INFGN demonstrates remarkable discrimination of DON against similar mycotoxins (zearalenone and ochratoxin A). Overall, the high-performance biosensor shown here is an excellent, simple and cost-effective alternative for detecting DON in food and feed samples. We demonstrate a new biosensing concept with impact on the development of rapid, point of need cell based sensing with boosted sensitivity and wide relevance for bioanalysis. It involves optogenetic stimulation of cells stably transfected to express light sensitive protein channels for optical control of membrane potential and of ion homeostasis. Time-lapse impedance measurements are used to reveal cell dynamics changes encompassing cellular responses to bioactive stimuli and optically induced homeostasis disturbances. We prove that light driven perturbations of cell membrane potential induce homeostatic reactions and modulate transduction mechanisms that amplify cellular response to bioactive compounds. This allows cell based biosensors to respond more rapidly and sensitively to low concentrations of bioactive/toxic analytes statistically relevant impedance changes are recorded in less than 30 min, in comparison with >8 h in the best alternative reported tests for the same low concentration (e.g. a concentration of 25 μM CdCl2, lower than the threshold concentration in classical cellular sensors). Comparative analysis of model bioactive/toxic compounds (ouabain and CdCl2) demonstrates that cellular reactivity can be boosted by light driven perturbations of cellular homeostasis and that this biosensing concept is able to discriminate analytes with different modes of action (i.e. CdCl2 toxicity versus ion pump inhibition by ouabain), a significant advance against state of the art cell based sensors. BACKGROUND A recent study by Hengartner and Plöderl describes a strong increase for suicides (odds ratio (OR) of 2.83, 95% CI=1.13-9.67) and suicide attempts (OR=2.38 95%, CI=1.63-3.61) in antidepressant treated patients as compared to placebo. The authors re-analyzed data presented by Khan et al. who found no drug-placebo differences in suicide and suicide attempt rates. Ipatasertib inhibitor Hengartner and Plöderl base their findings on calculating the OR from a 2×2 table of the sum of the events and the totals of the sample sizes across studies. We here argue that pooling data from all drugs may not be the adequate approach. METHODS We applied a meta-analytical approach to account for between-drug variance and conducted several statistical analyses as a sensitivity analysis. We argue that a more suitable approach for finding an overall effect from several observations is a meta-analytical approach namely the Mantel-Haenszel method without continuity correction. RESULTS Our analysis leads to different conclusions as opposed to Hengartner and Plöderl. With the recommended method we estimate an OR of 1.98, 95% CI 0.71-5.50 for suicides and 1.63 (95%CI=1.09-2.43) for suicide attempts. LIMITATIONS The conducted analysis was restricted to the data available from the previous studies. Possibly, a more extensive search of the literature would lead to different results. However, we showed that re-analysing the re-analysis with several different approaches underlines the necessity of sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSION We could show that, in the case of rare events, the data is very sensitive to different analytical approaches underlining the importance of further investigations. V.BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subcallosal cingulate (SCC) provided benefit for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in open-label studies but failed in a recent randomized sham-controlled trial. Informed patient selection, based on reliable biomarkers, is needed to optimize outcome. We investigated if rostral anterior cingulate (rACC) glutamate/glutamine concentration could serve as a potential biomarker of response. METHODS Sixteen adults with TRD (Major Depression; MDD = 14; Bipolar Depression; BD =2) underwent proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy using a short-echo proton spectroscopy with a voxel placed in the rACC, prior to DBS. Improvement in depression was assessed using the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HDRS). Glutamate and glutamine concentrations at baseline in the rACC were examined in relation to clinical outcomes at six months. RESULTS Lower baseline glutamate predicted significant reduction in HDRS scores in all TRD patients (p = 0.018), and predicted both HDRS reduction (p = 0.