This study investigated the effect of carvedilol on aspirin-induced gastric damage. Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. Control rats received the vehicle, while the aspirin group received aspirin (200 mg/kg) orally for 4 days. Rats of aspirin + carvedilol group were administered aspirin along with carvedilol (5 mg/kg; intraperitoneal) for 4 days. Animals were euthanized at the end of the treatment period, and gastric tissues were collected to perform histopathological and mechanistic studies. The results revealed that aspirin administration induced gastric ulcer as there were remarkable histopathological lesions in the form of marked necrosis, inflammation, hemorrhage, edema, and dysplastic changes. Lipid peroxidative markers such as malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal, and protein carbonyl were significantly elevated in the aspirin group. This was concurrent with a significant amelioration of antioxidants such as reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. Furthermore, aspirin increased the immunoexpression of cyclooxygenase (COX) 2 and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). Aspirin induced elevation in the inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β. Aspirin enhanced the immunoexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) and increased the level of nitrite/nitrate in gastric tissue. On the other hand, carvedilol treatment reversed all these pathological changes. Carvedilol succeeded to enhance antioxidants in gastric tissue, attenuated lipid peroxidative parameters, and suppressed the release of inflammatory mediators. ZINC05007751 manufacturer It attenuated the immunoexpression of COX-2, NF-κB, and iNOS. Collectively, carvedilol has a gastro-protective effect that could be attributed to its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, which modulate NF-κB/COX-2/iNOS pathways.Objectives Despite the availability of FDA-labeled anticoagulant reversal agents, there is considerable variability in clinical practice as to the regimen and agent used for reversal. The objective of this study was to characterize the current practices of pharmacists surrounding the reversal of anticoagulant-associated life-threatening hemorrhage. Methods A cross-sectional analysis of critical care and emergency medicine pharmacists. Current practice was compared for the type of hospital, country region, and type of ordering physician. In addition, pharmacists were asked to rank their involvement with activities involved with the reversal of anticoagulants. Respondents ranked their involvement with these activities as either never involved, rarely involved, occasionally involved, frequently involved, or always involved. Results281 respondents were included. The majority used 4-factor PCC for warfarin reversal (92.9%) and factor Xa inhibitor reversal (79.7%). However, only 58.7% used the labeled dose of 4-PCC for warfarin reversal. Of the 30.6% that utilized a fixed-dose regimen, the most common regimen was 1500 units once. A higher proportion of respondents practicing in a teaching hospital reported that they used activated prothrombin complex concentrates for reversal of factor Xa inhibitor (22 [12.2%] vs. 5 [5%]; p less then  0.05) or coagulation factor Xa (recombinant)-inactivated-zhzo (31 [17.2%] vs. 5 [5%]; p less then  0.05). In addition, the majority of respondents utilized idarucizumab for dabigatran reversal. The only involvement activity in which less then 50% of respondents said they were frequently involved or always involved was ‘administration of reversal agent.’ Conclusions There is considerable variability in which agents were utilized for anticoagulant-associated bleeding reversal.In response to a number of growing global health challenges, New York University and UNICEF designed a Behavioral Communication Strategies for Global Epidemics course that brings together United Nations professionals, government staff, and MPH (Master of Public Health) students to design innovative social behavior change communication (SBCC) strategies that address disease outbreaks and humanitarian challenges around the world. Applying a systems approach, participants in the course work on interdisciplinary teams to design strategies, develop skills, and engage in global learning. At the culmination of the course, all teams present strategies to UNICEF country offices for implementation. This innovative model for disease outbreak, public health education, and humanitarian response provides professionals with an opportunity to develop a wide range of competencies, including systems thinking, behavior change, and human-centered design and equips them with the necessary tools to develop more novel approaches to SBCC. As the number of outbreaks and humanitarian challenges increase each year, this format for learning can serve as a model for how professionals can effectively address these complex crises.Purpose High demand for speech-language pathology services is reflected in long waiting lists. Waiting can be active or passive and has implications for stakeholders, including consumers, professionals, and organisations. The present study explored experiences and perspectives regarding waiting for speech-language pathology services through analysis of stakeholders’ written submissions to an Australian Government Senate Inquiry.Method Written submissions (n = 337) were screened for terms related to waiting. Included submissions (n = 133) were written by organisations (36.8%), speech-language pathologists (29.3%), parents (27.8%), individuals with communication and/or swallowing difficulties (5.3%), and others.Result Inductive thematic analysis identified three themes. (1) Duration. Consistently described as long. (2) Consequences. Consumers’ consequences included burden on physical health, finances, time, emotional wellbeing, and relationships, reduced continuity of care, and increased intervention needs. Professional consequences included stress and burnout impacting job satisfaction, and reduced effectiveness. Societal consequences included social and ethical burden, and a drain on health and legal systems. (3) Actions. Consumers advocated and sought alternatives (e.g. threats to harm their child, relocation to a capital city), professionals implemented service delivery and policy actions, and organisations lacked effective system-wide strategies.Conclusion Existing services did not appear to meet stakeholders’ needs. Action is needed to improve speech-language pathology waiting lists and access to services, and minimise possible consequences for stakeholders.