did not undergo surgery, but achieved seizure freedom, reported worsening of depressive symptoms, which may indicate difficulty adjusting to life without seizures and highlight the potential need for ongoing medical and psychosocial follow-up and support.Hepatitis C virus infection affects 71 million people worldwide. mTOR inhibitor It is at the origin of a multi-organ disease associating hepatic manifestations, cryoglobulinemic vasculitis and general manifestations linked to chronic inflammation (diabetes, cardio-, reno- or cerebrovascular manifestations, extra-hepatic cancers including non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma). The significant morbidity and mortality linked to the hepatitis C virus therefore justify its screening and access to treatments which have increased considerably over the past two decades. Understanding the replicative cycle of the hepatitis C virus has enabled the development of direct HCV-specific antivirals targeting viral proteins (NS3/4A protease, NS5B polymerase and the multifunctional NS5A replication complex). The combination of two to three specific inhibitors often co-formulated in a capsule, without pegylated interferon and most often without ribavirin, allows high antiviral efficacy (more than 97% cure) for a treatment duration of 8-12 weeks with satisfactory tolerance. HCV infection is the only chronic viral infection that can be cured and the hepatic or extrahepatic manifestations are mainly reversible. This underlines the importance of strengthening screening and access to care policies in order to achieve the elimination of viral infection C in the short term, in 2030, as expected from the program of the World Health Organization. If this elimination is possible in some countries (Iceland, France, Germany …), it seems compromised in others where prevention (USA), screening and/or access to care are still insufficient (Sub-Saharan Africa, Russia…).

The mechanism of PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer patients remains unclear. microRNAs (miRs) have been reported to be crucial components of the crosstalk between tumor-immune cells and emerging evidence suggests that microRNA-375 (miR-375) is significantly downregulated in digestive system tumors, but its association with PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer remains to be determined.

The expression level of miR-375 was first investigated in human gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. Its effect on gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were evaluated in vitro via CCK8, colony formation assays, wound healing assays, transwell assays, and flow cytometry. In vivo experiments using immunodeficient BALB/c nude female mice were also performed. Luciferase reporter assays were employed to identify interactions between miR-375 and its target genes.

Quantitative real-time PCR showed that the expression of miR-375 was negatively correlated with PD-L1 in gastric cancer tissues. The overexpression of miR-375 inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and the knockdown of miR-375 demonstrated opposite effects, both in vitro and in vivo. Luciferase reporter assays showed that miR-375 could bind to the 3′-UTR regions of JAK2 and an inverse association between miR-375 and JAK2/STAT3/PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer cell lines was also observed. In vivo experiments showed that miR-375-overexpression decreased the growth of xenograft tumors in immunodeficient BALB/c mice.

miR-375 negatively regulates PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and could be a promising novel therapeutic target in gastric cancer.

miR-375 negatively regulates PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and could be a promising novel therapeutic target in gastric cancer.

There is currently no specific treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children, but recent studies have shown that vitamin E may be effective. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of trials in which vitamin E was used to treat paediatric NAFLD.

We searched the PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases to identify related articles published prior to March 2020 that examined the effect of vitamin E for the treatment of paediatric NAFLD.

The results showed that vitamin E significantly decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol (TCHO) levels. However, no significant changes were found in other indicators, including body mass index (BMI), triglyceride (TG) levels, high-density lipoprotein (HLD) levels, fasting insulin levels, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR), alanine transaminase (ALT) levels, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, glutamate transpeptidase (GGT) levels, ballooning degeneration and fibrosis (P > 0.05). Although the P value of NAS was less than 0.05, the evidence was not strong enough. We also found that treatment with vitamin E significantly increased fasting glucose (FSG) levels if the intervention time was ≤12 months.

Vitamin E therapy can improve blood lipids to some extent, but its effect on children’s liver function and liver tissue is not apparent, and the finding that this therapy increases FSG levels still needs more research.

PROSPERO CRD42020177663.

PROSPERO CRD42020177663.

Immune tolerance is defined as HBeAg positive, high hepatitis B virus load (HBV), persistent normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT), no or slight inflammation or fibrosis in liver histology. However, it is still unclear the threshold of high hepatitis B virus load and how to predict histology without liver biopsy. The aim of this study was to predict immune tolerance in HBeAg positive, alanine aminotransferase -normal populations with non-invasive indicators.

Two multi-center prospective cohort study recruited 907 treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients who had undergone liver biopsy in mainland China from August 2013 to September 2016 and April 2018 to June2019. Quantitative hepatitis B core antibody, AST and HBV DNA were investigated using commercial diagnostic assays and histological grading and staging was assessed by the Ishak scoring system.

One hundred and thirteen untreated CHB patients with HBeAg-positive, normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and high level of HBV DNA (≥5log10 IU/mL) were enrolled in this study.