Youth had a high probability of acceptance of any incentives program (88-100%), yet they did not have a strong preference of a quarterly over a monthly program. From a maximum incentive amount of R1920 (~US$115), youth were willing to forgo up to R126 per year (~US$9) if the incentive was given in cash (versus fashion vouchers); R274 (~US$19.6) if…[Read more]

The relationship between bullying victimization and outsider behavior was mediated by moral disengagement, as well as the multiple mediation of bullying sensitivity and moral disengagement. These results highlight the roles of bullying sensitivity and moral disengagement in explaining the relation between bullying victimization and bystander…[Read more]

A surge in popularity of e-cigarettes prompts concern given the association between e-cigarettes and future cigarette use. However, much of the evidence for this association comes from early, less efficient, and lower nicotine e-cigarettes than are available and widely used now. The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between…[Read more]

a virus provides a target conserved among strains and is a dominant T cell target. In animals, vaccination to NP generates powerful T cell immunity and long-lasting protection against diverse influenza strains. Concerns have been raised, but not evaluated experimentally, that potent local T cell responses might damage the lungs. We analyzed lung…[Read more]

1). The SAS, SDS score in the AA group were 39.9 ± 5.6/39.9 ± 5.9 and in the PA group were 59.7 ± 6.1/61.2 ± 4.4 (ES = 3.38/4.9, p less then .1). The sleep rate were 93.8% and 25.0% (p less then .1). During the 1 month follow-up period, the PSQI total score in the AA group (5.2 ± 1.9) was superior to the PA group (13.1 ± 1.8) (ES = 4.27, p less…[Read more]

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the main cause of vision loss among the elderly in the Western world. While AMD is a multifactorial disease, the complement system was identified as one of the main pathways contributing to disease risk. The strong link between the complement system and AMD was demonstrated by genetic associations, and by…[Read more]