Smaller tooth size can be favourable from orthodontic point of view in alleviating crowding, but it might further predispose to fracturing of teeth which is a considerable risk associated with dentine abnormality. The shallow jawbones may initiate development of posterior open bite, rare in general population but relatively often encountered in OI.

Reduced tooth size is a developmental feature of OI and a shallow palate a characteristic possibly associated with previously documented imparity of vertical jaw development. Observed posterior widening of the dental arches may follow from altered tongue position. Smaller tooth size can be favourable from orthodontic point of view in alleviating crowding, but it might further predispose to fracturing of teeth which is a considerable risk associated with dentine abnormality. The shallow jawbones may initiate development of posterior open bite, rare in general population but relatively often encountered in OI.

The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of non-specialist dentists on the use of restraint in paediatric dentistry in the Public Dental Service in Norway.

Two focus group interviews involving four and five dentists, respectively, were conducted in one of the most populated counties in Norway in September 2019. Marizomib chemical structure The thematic analysis by Braun and Clarke informed the qualitative analysis.

According to the dentists, physical restraint in paediatric dentistry is usually used when dental treatment is absolutely necessary. The qualitative analysis revealed the following three main themes (1) some dentists justify the use of restraint in paediatric dentistry; (2) physical restraint is often legitimised by the fact that the child is sedated; (3) the use of restraint evokes difficult ethical evaluations. Additionally, the dentists had an overarching perspective of acting in the child’s best interest, but they sometimes struggled to find a justifiable path in situations involving restraint.

Dentists seem to consider the use of restraint combined with sedation as legitimate for absolute necessary dental treatment. Furthermore, the use of restraint involves difficult ethical evaluations.

Dentists seem to consider the use of restraint combined with sedation as legitimate for absolute necessary dental treatment. Furthermore, the use of restraint involves difficult ethical evaluations.

The oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OOSCC) accounts for 90-95% of tumours in the oral cavity. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the coding region of PON1, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) have been associated with to development of different cancers. Our aim was to investigate the prognostic value of PON1 (rs854560 and rs662), TNF-α (rs1800629 and rs361525) and TGF-β (rs1800469) SNPs in OOSCC.

We genotyped 163 OOSCC patients and 146 patients from group of control for PON1 (rs854560 and rs662), TNF-α (rs1800629 and rs361525) and TGF-β (rs1800469) SNPs by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

TNF-α (rs1800629) GG genotype was significantly more frequent in intraoral lesions and clinical stages III and IV, while the polymorphic AA genotype in lip lesion and clinical stages I and II. Moreover, TGF-β (rs1800469) AG and AA genotypes were significantly more frequent in larger tumours (T3 e T4). TNF-α (rs1800629) AG genotype had poor survival and patients carrying the PON1 (rs662) TT genotype tended to poor survival.

Results suggest that the rs1800629 and rs1800469 could exert influence in the more aggressive behaviour of OOSCC and the genotypes AG of rs1800629, and TT of rs662 could be markers with prognostic value in OOSCC.

Results suggest that the rs1800629 and rs1800469 could exert influence in the more aggressive behaviour of OOSCC and the genotypes AG of rs1800629, and TT of rs662 could be markers with prognostic value in OOSCC.

The ICF provides a common scientific language for the study of health and functioning. Adolescent mental health, operationalized as engagement in life situations, is one aspect of functioning. Engagement as mental health has a bi-directional relation with environmental factors.

To test the statistical utility of the International Classification of Functioning (ICF) classification in coding adolescent mental health and mental health problems.

Using data measuring mental health in a representative Swedish sample of 12-13-year-olds linking responses to the classification codes. The internal structure of the classification system constructs was tested using factor analysis.

A factorial solution could be found for most chapters indicating that the ICF framework and coding system could be used; however, the variance explained was quite low. Linking worked better at code-level, rather than chapter level. Items measuring risk behavior or risk factors are loaded in separate constructs.

When coding items for ther types of participation.Implications for rehabilitationConsidering some challenges with varying level of detail in the ICF-CY’s chapters, the framework can be used to identify the content of mental health questionnaires to be used in rehabilitation.To provide more detailed information in rehabilitation addressing mental health, a code-level solution is more appropriate than a chapter level solution.Despite the use of same ICF-CY codes, negative participation, i.e., risk behavior, measures a different dimension than positive participation, is especially relevant in rehabilitation addressing mental health.Phenomenon Physician shortages in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) have led to increased interest in using e-learning tools for training. Organic digital education (ODE)-digital scholarship largely created outside of formal medical curricula-has increased in popularity over the past decade. Medical podcasting has become one of the most prominent asynchronous ODE sources for learners in high-income (HI) countries; there have been no previous attempts to characterize their use in LMIC. Approach Listener data from a 2-year period from three major internal medicine podcasts-Bedside Rounds, Core IM, and The Curbsiders-were aggregated, 188 episodes in total. These data were subdivided into country by top-level domain, normalized by population, and grouped together by World Bank income levels and English-speaking status. This methodology was also repeated to compare individual episodes on topics more versus less relevant to learners in LMIC. Findings Over a 2-year period, the three podcasts had a total of 2.3 million unique downloads and were listened to in 192 of 207 countries worldwide.