0), 2.0years (IQR 1.1-2.4), and 2.2years (IQR 1.8-2.8), respectively (p = 0.001). With 17,854 blood samples available for MTX and 6MP metabolite analysis, neither erythrocyte levels of 6-thioguanine (TG) nucleotides (p > 0.99), methylated 6MP metabolites (p = 0.37), MTX polyglutamates (p = 0.98) nor DNA-TG (p = 0.53) were significantly associated with the hazard of osteonecrosis in Cox models stratified by the three age groups and adjusted for sex.

Maintenance therapy intensity determined by 6MP and MTX metabolites was not associated with the risk of developing osteonecrosis in the NOPHO ALL2008 cohort.

Maintenance therapy intensity determined by 6MP and MTX metabolites was not associated with the risk of developing osteonecrosis in the NOPHO ALL2008 cohort.The Society of Skeletal Radiology (SSR) Practice Guidelines and Technical Standards Committee identified musculoskeletal infection as a White Paper topic, and selected a Committee, tasked with developing a consensus on nomenclature for MRI of musculoskeletal infection outside the spine. The objective of the White Paper was to critically assess the literature and propose standardized terminology for imaging findings of infection on MRI, in order to improve both communication with clinical colleagues and patient care.A definition was proposed for each term; debate followed, and the committee reached consensus. Potential controversies were raised, with formulated recommendations. The committee arrived at consensus definitions for cellulitis, soft tissue abscess, and necrotizing infection, while discouraging the nonspecific term phlegmon. For bone infection, the term osteitis is not useful; the panel recommends using terms that describe the likelihood of osteomyelitis in cases where definitive signal changes are lacking. The work was presented virtually to SSR members, who had the opportunity for review and modification prior to submission for publication.The auditory biology of Monachinae seals is poorly understood. Limited audiometric data and certain anatomical features suggest that these seals may have reduced sensitivity to airborne sounds compared to related species. Here, we describe the in-air hearing abilities of a Hawaiian monk seal (Neomonachus schauinslandi) trained to participate in a psychophysical paradigm. We report absolute (unmasked) thresholds for narrowband signals measured in quiet conditions across the range of hearing and masked thresholds measured in the presence of octave-band noise at two frequencies. MLN8237 mouse The behavioral audiogram indicates a functional hearing range from 0.1 to 33 kHz and poor sensitivity, with detection thresholds above 40 dB re 20 µPa. Critical ratio measurements are elevated compared to those of other seals. The apparently reduced terrestrial hearing ability of this individual-considered with available auditory data for a northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris)-suggests that hearing in Monachinae seals differs from that of the highly sensitive Phocinae seals. Exploration of phylogenetic relationships and anatomical traits support this claim. This work advances understanding of the evolution of hearing in amphibious marine mammals and provides updated information that can be used for management and conservation of endangered Hawaiian monk seals.Incorporation of surrounding tissues after implantation of synthetic vascular prostheses potentially varies in accordance with implanted prostheses. To evaluate post-implant tissue incorporation, we examined surgical, histological and ultrastructural findings after implantation in animal models. Three types of commercially available prostheses were tested (Gelweave™; Group G, J Graft SHIELD NEO®; Group J and Triplex®; Group T). Prostheses were implanted into Sprague-Dawley rats subcutaneously or sutured on abdominal aorta of Japanese white rabbits. The tissues were surgically examined for adhesion and were subjected to histological evaluations for cellular and tissue infiltration and ultrastructural observations by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Group G exhibited less tendency in adhesion formation in early phase (rat G vs J, P  less then  0.0001; G vs T, P  less then  0.0001/rabbit G vs J, P  less then  0.0001; G vs T, P = 0.059). In late phase, Group J showed highest adhesion (rat G vs J, P = 0.0004; J vs T, P = 0.015/rabbit G vs J, P = 0.0015; J vs T, P = 0.0044). In group G, a gap was observed between implants and surrounding tissues forming capsulation, whereas other groups exhibited tissue infiltration inside of the implants wall which were also confirmed by SEM. The tissue permeation toward the implants and adhesion was positively correlated (P  less then  0.0001). Surrounding tissue conformation varied in accordance with the type of prostheses. It is desirable to elucidate characteristics of each prosthesis to select suitable grafts for each patient to achieve a better surgical outcome.

Cognitive difficulties are common in people with severe mental disorders (SMDs) and various measures of cognition are of proven validity. However, there is a lack of systematic evidence regarding the psychometric properties of these measures in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

To systematically review the psychometric properties of cognitive measures validated in people with SMDs in LMICs.

We conducted a systematic review of the literature by searching from four electronic databases. Two authors independently screened studies for their eligibility. Measurement properties of measures in all included studies were extracted. All eligible measures were assessed against criteria set for clinical and research recommendations. Results are summarized narratively and measures were grouped by measurement type and population.

We identified 23 unique measures from 28 studies. None of these was from low-income settings. Seventeen of the measures were performance-based. The majority (n = 16/23) of the measless, validated assessments of cognition could help in the management and allocating therapy in people with SMDs in LMICs.