3%), but experienced an extraordinary difference of proliferation dynamics among the six clades identified; moreover, most of them exhibited a very recent and current proliferation, suggesting that some copies of these transposons are putatively active. Additionally, at least four functional genes derived from Tc1/mariner transposons were found. We provide an up-to-date overview of Tc1/mariner in coelacanth, which may be helpful in determining genome and gene evolution in this living fossil.The purpose of this study was to determine 1) if circulating endothelial microvesicles (EMVs) are elevated in hypertensive adults; and 2) whether circulating EMVs are associated with hypertension-related endothelial vasodilator dysfunction. Circulating EMVs (CD31+/42b-) was determined in 30 middle-aged adults (55+1 years) 15 normotensive (10M/5F; BP 114/71+2/1 mmHg) and 15 hypertensive (10M/5F; 142/87+2/2 mmHg). Forearm blood flow (FBF via plethysmography) was assessed by intra-arterial infusion of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside. Circulating EMVs were ~65% higher (P less then 0.05) in hypertensive (157±10 EMV/µL) than normotensive (96±10 EMV/µL) adults. FBF to acetylcholine was significantly lower (~30%) in the hypertensive (from 5.0 ± 0.4 to 11.8 ± 0.8 mL/100 mL tissue/min vs 4.4 ± 0.2 to 15.6 ± 0.8 mL/100 mL tissue/min) group. AZD8186 mw Circulating EMVs were inversely associated with vasodilation (r=-0.65; p less then 0.05). Hypertension is associated with elevated circulating levels of EMVs. EMVs may serve as a biomarker of, and contribute to, blood pressure-related endothelial dysfunction.In order to assess the physiological and clinical implications of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP)/guanylyl cyclase B (GC-B) system in the human vasculature, we have examined gene expressions of CNP and its receptor, GC-B, in human vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and have also compared endothelin-1(ET-1)/endothelin receptor-A (ETR-A) and endothelin receptor-B (ETR-B) system in human aortic ECs (HAECs) and vascular SMCs (HSMCs) in vitro. We also examined these gene expressions in human embryonic stem (ES)/induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS)-derived ECs and mural cells (MCs). A little but significant amount of mRNA encoding CNP was detected in both human ES-derived ECs and HAECs. Substantial amount of GC-B was expressed in both ECs (iPS-derived ECs and HAECs) and SMCs (iPS-derived MCs and HSMCs). ET-1 was expressed solely in ECs. ETR-A was expressed in SMCs, while ETR-B was expressed in ECs. These results indicate the existence of vascular CNP/GC-B system in the human vascular wall, indicating the evidence for clinical implication of CNP/GC-B system in concert with ET-1/ETR-A and ETR-B system in the human vasculature.DNA barcoding is the standardized use of short gene regions such as COI for rapid assignment of organisms to known species or repeatedly detected but potentially undescribed taxonomic units. Aided by rapid developments in genomic technologies, barcoding and metabarcoding have become increasingly important and widespread tools, particularly in taxonomic studies and biomonitoring. In its simplicity, it is tempting to dismiss barcoding as a relic of the technical capabilities of early-century sequencing platforms, but this simplicity leads to benefits in efficiency, cost-effectiveness and consistency that are otherwise unachievable. It offers a solution today for two of the most fundamental yet intractable requirements in biology – accelerating the completion of the catalogue of living species and mapping the distribution, structure and dynamics of ecosystems and communities in time and space. Barcoding and metabarcoding allow biogeography and ecology to proceed efficiently even where taxonomic knowledge is limited. At the same time, they provide structure and organization for taxonomic researchers to develop understanding even of hyperdiverse groups. Advances in both areas complement the other. The new BIOSCAN program of the International Barcode of Life Consortium aims to expand the application of these technologies to deliver a DNA-based system for monitoring all world’s biodiversity.Growth decoupling can be used to optimize microbial production of biobased compounds by inhibiting excess biomass formation and redirect carbon flux from growth to product formation. However, identifying suitable genetic targets through rational design is challenging. Here, we conduct a genome-wide CRISPRi screen to discover growth switches suitable for decoupling growth and production. Using an sgRNA library covering 12 238 loci in the Escherichia coli genome, we screen for targets that inhibit growth while allowing for continued protein production. In total, we identify 1332 sgRNAs that simultaneously decrease growth and maintain or increase accumulation of GFP. The top target sibB/ibsB shows more than 5-fold increase in GFP accumulation and 45% decrease in biomass formation. Overall, our genome-wide CRISPRi screen provides key targets for growth decoupling, and the approach can be applied to improve biobased production in other microorganisms.Nuclear quantum effects have significant contribution to thermodynamic quantities and structural properties, furthermore very expensive methods are necessary for their accurate computation. In most calculations these effects, for instance zero point energies, are simply neglected or only taken into account within the quantum harmonic oscillator approximation. Herein we present a new method, General Smoothed Trajectory Analysis to determine nuclear quantum effects from molecular dynamics simulations. The broad applicability is demonstrated on the examples of harmonic oscillator and different states of water. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations have been performed for ideal gas up to the temperature of 5000 K. Classical molecular dynamics have been carried out for hexagonal ice, liquid water and vapor at atmospheric pressure. Respect to the experimental heat capacity, our method outperforms previous calculations in literature in a wide temperature range at lower computational cost than other alternatives. Dynamic and structural nuclear quantum effects of water are also discussed.