Among 280 PCI subjects in a nested inflammatory biomarker substudy, the primary biomarker end point, change in interleukin-6 concentrations did not differ between groups 1-hour post-PCI but increased less 24 hours post-PCI in the colchicine (n=141) versus placebo group (n=139; 76% [-6 to 898] versus 338% [27 to 1264], P=0.02). High-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentration also increased less after 24 hours in the colchicine versus placebo groups (11% [-14 to 80] versus 66% [1 to 172], P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Acute preprocedural administration of colchicine attenuated the increase in interleukin-6 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations after PCI when compared with placebo but did not lower the risk of PCI-related myocardial injury. Registration URL https//www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique Identifiers NCT02594111, NCT01709981.Fractional flow reserve is the current invasive gold standard for assessing the ischemic potential of an angiographically intermediate coronary stenosis. Procedural cost and time, the need for coronary vessel instrumentation, and the need to administer adenosine to achieve maximal hyperemia remain integral components of invasive fractional flow reserve. The number of new alternatives to fractional flow reserve has proliferated over the last ten years using techniques ranging from alternative pressure wire metrics to anatomic simulation via angiography or intravascular imaging. FB232 This review article provides a critical description of the currently available or under-development alternatives to fractional flow reserve with a special focus on the available evidence, pros, and cons for each with a view towards their clinical application in the near future for the functional assessment of coronary artery disease.Childhood obesity worldwide affects 5.6% or 38.3 million children under five years of age. The longer children are overweight or obese, the more likely they are to become obese adults with all the contingent morbidity involved. An extensive number of preventive interventions to combat childhood obesity have been carried out worldwide. This article reports a systematic review of interventions aimed to reducing or preventing obesity under-fives. The search was performed with six different databases Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane, PubMed, Medline, and CINAHL. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were independently assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Thirty studies involving 23,185 children across nine countries were included. Twenty-two were randomised controlled trials, and 8 quasi-experimental pretest/post-test design with comparison. These studies fell into four different categories home-based interventions with family involvement (n = 12), preschool/early childhood settings (n = 9), multicomponent interventions across multiple settings (n = 6) and healthcare setting (n = 3). Future research should focus on increasing the accessibility of education on diet and physical activity for deprived families as well as the cultural acceptability of interventions to prevent childhood obesity.AIMS Empagliflozin (EMPA) demonstrates cardioprotective effects on diabetic myocardium but its infarct sparing effects in normoglyceamia remain unspecified. We investigated the acute and chronic effect of EMPA on infarct size (IS) after ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) and the mechanisms of cardioprotection in non-diabetic mice. RESULTS Chronic oral administration of EMPA (6 weeks) reduced myocardial IS after 30min/2h I/R (29.5%±3.0 vs 45.8%±3.2 in the control group, p less then 0.01). Body weight, blood pressure, glucose levels and cardiac function remained unchanged between groups. Acute administration of EMPA 24h or 4h before I/R did not affect IS. Chronic EMPA treatment led to a significant reduction of oxidative stress biomarkers. STAT-3 was activated by Y(705) phosphorylation at the 10th min of R, but remained unchanged at 2h of R and in the acute administration protocols. Proteomic analysis was employed to investigate signaling intermediates and revealed that chronic EMPA treatment regulates several pathways at reperfusion including oxidative stress and integrin related proteins which were further evaluated. Superoxide dismutase and vascular endothelial growth factor were increased throughout reperfusion. EMPA pre-treatment (24h) increased the viability of Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells in normoxia and upon 3h hypoxia/1h reoxygenation and reduced reactive oxygen species production. In EMPA treated murine hearts, CD31/VEGFR2 positive endothelial cells and the pSTAT-3(Y705) signal derived from endothelial cells were boosted at early reperfusion. INNOVATION Chronic EMPA administration reduces IS in healthy mice via STAT-3 pathway and increased survival of endothelial cells. CONCLUSION Chronic but not acute administration of EMPA reduces IS through STAT-3 activation independently of diabetes mellitus.OBJECTIVE To carry out a survey of breastfeeding practices and related challenges among mothers with orofacial cleft babies attending the cleft clinic of a tertiary health institution. METHODOLOGY This was a cross-sectional descriptive study using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Sample population was all mothers of babies aged between 1 and 18 months with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts attending the cleft clinic of a tertiary health institution in Nigeria. RESULT A total of 65 mothers participated in the study. Initiation of breastfeeding was reported by the majority (83%, n = 54) of the mothers, and only 18.5% (n = 10) of this proportion continued exclusive breastfeeding. Inability of the babies to suck was reported by 46% (n = 30) of the mothers as being the most important challenge in breastfeeding. There was a significant correlation between the type of cleft and challenge in breastfeeding (Fisher exact P = .001). Sixty-three percent (n = 41) of the mothers reported they received no counseling on overcoming challenges associated with feeding their babies with a cleft at the facility where they delivered. Sixty-nine percent (n = 45) reported they first received nutritional information from the cleft clinic at presentation. The most adopted substitute for breastfeeding was the use of regular feeding bottles (n = 24, 43.6%). CONCLUSION Rate of initiation of breastfeeding for children with orofacial clefts in this African cohort is higher than reported in other populations despite the low level of nutritional counseling of the mothers after delivery.