; SQSTM1 sequestosome 1; TAX1BP1 Tax1 (human T cell leukemia virus type I) binding protein 1; TFEB transcription factor EB; TOLLIP toll interacting protein; UBE2G2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 G2; UVRAG UV radiation resistance associated gene; VDAC2 voltage dependent anion channel 2; VIM vimentin.The association between body mass index (BMI) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains controversial. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted to further evaluate the relationship. A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang databases to identify eligible articles until July 15, 2020. Random effect model (REM) was used to compute the pooled results with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We conducted meta-regression and subgroup analysis to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated by funnel plots and Egger’s test. Thirty articles with 1,578,449 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled OR of COPD was 1.96 (95% CI 1.78-2.17) for the underweight group, 0.80 (95% CI 0.73-0.87) for overweight group, and 0.86 (95% CI 0.73-1.02) for obesity group. read more After further excluding 5 studies of high between-study heterogeneity in sensitivity analysis, the pooled OR of COPD was 0.77 (95% CI 0.68-0.86) for the obesity group. This meta-analysis indicated that BMI was associated with COPD. Specifically, underweight might increase the risk of COPD; overweight and obesity might reduce the risk of COPD.Physical inactivity is one of the greatest public health challenges in the 21st century. More than five million deaths a year are caused by lack of physical activity (PA) around the world. Despite its relevance to public health, about one-third of the world’s adults do not meet current PA recommendations for health benefits. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the association between lifetime PA and risk of breast cancer. A case-control study was conducted between November 2016 and June 2017. The cases were recruited from all cancer centers in the city of Pelotas in southern Brazil. Each case was age-matched (±5 years) with a neighborhood control enrolled based on nearby addresses of the cases. Overall, 230 cases and 231 controls were included. Lifetime leisure-time PA may decrease the odds of breast cancer (adjusted OR = 0.44; 95%CI 0.23-0.86) in the comparison between the most active with the least active quartile. PA was associated with a reduction in the odds of breast cancer. Future studies should aim at understanding the physiological pathways that could explain how an active lifestyle influences this disease, helping in the establishment of volume and intensities necessary to obtain the benefits.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing major health emergency, but its occurrence and clinical impact on patients withliver cirrhosis is unknown. Therefore, we conducted a population-based study of 2.6 million Danish citizens investigating the occurrence and impact of COVID-19 in patients with liver cirrhosis.

A prospective population-based cohort study was conducted in the Capital Region of Denmark and Region Zealand in the study period between 1 March 2020 up until 31 May 2020, with the only eligibility criteria being a reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for presence of viral genomic material confirming COVID-19. The patients were subsequently stratified according to presence of pre-existing liver cirrhosis.

Among 575,935 individuals tested, 1713 patients had a diagnosis of cirrhosis. COVID-19 occurredsignificantly lessamongpatients with cirrhosis (

 = 15; 0.9%,

 .01) compared with the population without cirrhosis (

 = 10,593; 1.8%). However, a large proportion (

 = 6;40.0%) required a COVID-19 related hospitalization which was correlated with higher values of alanine aminotransferase (

 .01) and lactate dehydrogenase (

 = .04). In addition, one-in-three (

 = 2; 13.3%) required intensive therapy. Four patients died (26.7%) and mortality was associated with higher MELD scores, co-existing type 2 diabetes, and bacterial superinfections.

In conclusion, patientswith cirrhosis may have a lower risk of COVID-19; but a higher risk of complications hereto and mortality.

In conclusion, patientswith cirrhosis may have a lower risk of COVID-19; but a higher risk of complications hereto and mortality.

Serological markers are used in the diagnosis of celiac disease. Among these, the most widely used are tissue transglutaminase antibodies (anti-TG2 antibodies). It has been suggested that the mechanisms that are set in motion by malnutrition cause the tight connections between enterocytes to expand, which allows gluten-derived peptides to pass through the epithelium. This causes the production of anti-TG2 antibodies without the presence of celiac disease.

The patients who were examined for malnutrition and had their anti-TG2 antibody levels measured at the same time, were accepted into the study. The patients who were investigated for suspected celiac disease, showed no signs of malnutrition, and had their anti-TG2 antibody levels measured were accepted into a control group.

The study population consisted of 126 children with mild malnutrition (54.8% female, 7.44 ± 5.38years); 89 children with moderate malnutrition (54.8% female, 7.62 ± 5.43years), and a control group of 200 children (53.2% female, 7.72 levels without celiac disease.

To estimate the global costs of hearing loss in 2019.

Prevalence-based costing model.

Hearing loss data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study. Additional non-hearing related health care costs, educational support, exclusion from the labour force in countries with full employment and societal costs posed by lost quality of life were determined. All costs were reported in 2019 purchasing power parity (PPP) adjusted international dollars.

Total global economic costs of hearing loss exceeded $981 billion. 47% of costs were related to quality of life losses, with 32% due to additional costs of poor health in people with hearing loss. 57% of costs were outside of high-income countries. 6.5% of costs were for children aged 0-14. In scenario analysis a 5% reduction in prevalence of hearing loss would reduce global costs by $49 billion.

This analysis highlights major economic consequences of not taking action to address hearing loss worldwide. Small reductions in prevalence and/or severity of hearing loss could avert substantial economic costs to society.