Aortic valve replacement is the commonest cardiac surgical operation performed worldwide for infective endocarditis (IE). Long-term durability and avoidance of infection relapse are goals of the procedure. However, no detailed guidelines on prosthesis selection and surgical strategies guided by the comprehensive evaluation of the extension of the infection and its microbiological characteristics, clinical profile of the patient, and risk of infection recurrence are currently available. Zebularine nmr Conventional mechanical or stented xenografts are the preferred choice for localized aortic infection. However, in cases of complex IE with the involvement of the root or the aortomitral continuity, the use of homograft is suggested according to the surgeon and center experience. Homograft use should be counterbalanced against the risk of structural degeneration. Prosthetic bioroot or prosthetic valved conduit (mechanical and bioprosthetic) are also potentially suitable alternatives. Further development of preservation techniques enabling longer durability of allogenic substitutes is required. We evaluate the current evidence for the use of valve substitutes in aortic valve endocarditis and propose an evidence-based algorithm to guide the choice of therapy. We performed a systemic review to clarify the contemporary surgical management of aortic valve endocarditis.

The appearance of inhibitory antibodies against antihemophilic factors is one of the most serious complications related to hemophilia.

The objective of this study was to identify variables and factors related to the development of inhibitory antibodies in a group of patients undergoing antihemophilic therapy in Colombia.

A case-control study in patients with hemophilia treated in Specialized Healthcare Provider Institutions (IPS-E) in 21 cities of Colombia of any age and with a diagnosis of inhibitory antibodies against factor VIII or IX during 2016. Four controls per case paired by age and type of hemophilia were used. Sociodemographic, clinical, and pharmacological variables were identified and analyzed.

Seventeen patients with inhibitory antibodies and 68 controls with hemophilia were identified. The mean age was 28.3 ± 17.8 years. A total of 94.1% had hemophilia A, and 88.2% of the cases and 50.0% of the controls had severe hemophilia; 47.1% of the cases and 54.4% of the controls were receiving prophylaxis with coagulation factors. Multivariate analysis showed that having severe hemophilia (OR17.0, 95%CI1.32-219.60) and lack of knowledge of the coagulation factor with which the patient was treated before entering the care program in the IPS-E (OR8.9, 95%CI1.82-43.75) were significantly associated with a higher probability of developing inhibitory antibodies.

Coagulation factors associated with the development of inhibitory antibodies were severe hemophilia and lack of knowledge of the type of factor used prior to entering the follow-up cohort.

Coagulation factors associated with the development of inhibitory antibodies were severe hemophilia and lack of knowledge of the type of factor used prior to entering the follow-up cohort.

Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) are still major health problems in resource-poor countries. Despite several epidemiological studies were available in Ethiopia, summarized data on the prevalence of STH among school-aged children (SAC) is lacking in the country.

This study was aimed to summarize the existing published studies of STH among SAC children in Ethiopia.

The search was carried out in open access databases such as Science Direct, Scopus, and PubMed Central which reported STH in Ethiopia. Open access articles published between 2000 and 2019 were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence was determined using a random-effect model while heterogeneities between studies were evaluated by

test.

A total of 46 338 children (Male = 23 374 and Female = 22 964) were included in the 70 eligible studies for this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of STH among SAC was 33.4%; 95% CI, 29.3% to 37.7% in Ethiopia.

(19.9%; 95% CI, 17.2%-22.6%) was the most prevalent STH followed by

(12.4%; 95% CI, 10.6%-14.1%), and hookworm (7.9%; 95% CI, 6.9%-8.9%) infection in the country. High prevalence of STH was observed in Oromia (42.5%; 95% CI, 31.6%-53.4%) followed by SNNPR (38.3%; 95% CI, 27.7%-48.8%) and Amhara (32.9%; 95% CI, 27.0%-38.8%) regional states. High heterogeneity on the prevalence of STH was observed across studies within and among regions (

 > 96% and

 < .001).

This review showed that more than one-third of the Ethiopian SAC were infected with STH. The high prevalence of STH observed in this review highlight the needs of improved control and prevention strategies in Ethiopia.

This review showed that more than one-third of the Ethiopian SAC were infected with STH. The high prevalence of STH observed in this review highlight the needs of improved control and prevention strategies in Ethiopia.Effectively addressing urban health challenges requires engagement of citizens. However, citizens often face barriers providing feedback, and city officials likewise face difficulties incorporating feedback in a meaningful and systematic way. This paper shares one innovative approach to capturing citizens’ stories about urban health concerns, developed by the Building Healthy Cities (BHC) project in 2 Asian cities (Indore, India, and Makassar, Indonesia). Using ethnographic methods, BHC developed “journey maps” as a monitoring tool to follow key service issues over time. Several urban health-related issues were identified in each city. For this paper, we focus on wastewater management, which was a serious health issue in both cities. Qualitative data were collected from citizens in one neighborhood and city officials quarterly starting in early 2018; these data were supplemented by city spending data, usage statistics, photos and news articles. In both cities, the journey maps captured notable changes during drainage and street issues in 41 neighborhoods. Journey maps work on the premise that capturing a community’s experience and relaying it to government officials can bring about positive change. They also provide crucial grassroots level evidence to support more traditional research findings, which can lead to effective urban health solutions. As this work continues, BHC is training citizens to collect and share their own journeys.