The origins of the pH-dependent kinetics of hydrogen evolution and oxidation reactions on Pt surfaces are unsolved dilemmas that have lasted for over half a century. In this study, surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy is applied to directly monitor the vibrational behaviors of adsorbed hydrogen atoms and interfacial water molecules on…[Read more]

Klinefelter syndrome (KS; 47,XXY) is the most common sex chromosomal anomaly and causes a multitude of symptoms. Often the most noticeable symptom is infertility caused by azoospermia with testicular histology showing hyalinization of tubules, germ cells loss, and Leydig cell hyperplasia. The germ cell loss begins early in life leading to partial…[Read more]