BACKGROUND Early introduction of complementary foods has been associated with various immune disorders, oxidative stress, and obesity in childhood. The gut microbiota and the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) they produce are postulated to be on the causal pathway. selleck chemicals The objective of this study was to determine if early complementary feeding (i.e. consumption of solids or non-water/formula liquids at or before 3 months) is prospectively associated with infant gut microbiota composition, diversity and SCFAs at 3 and 12 months of age in the Nurture birth cohort. RESULTS Mother-infant dyads in the early complementary feeding group (n = 18) had similar baseline characteristics to those in the later feeding group (n = 49). We assessed differential abundance of microbial taxa (measured by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V4 region) by timing of complementary feeding using beta-binomial regression models (considering a two-sided FDR corrected p-value of less then  0.05 as significant), and we fittted linear regression mic acid concentrations measured in stool until at least 1 year of age. Further research is needed to determine if these changes mediate future development of metabolic and immune conditions.AIMS The primary aim of this study was to investigate time trends of major headache diagnoses using cross-sectional data from two population-based health surveys. In addition, we aimed to perform a longitudinal assessment of baseline characteristics and subsequent risk for having headache at 22-years’ follow-up among those participating in three health surveys. METHODS Data from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) performed in 1995-1997 (HUNT2), 2006-2008 (HUNT3) and 2017-2019 (HUNT4) were used. The 1-year prevalence time trends of major headache diagnoses were estimated among 41,460 participants in HUNT4 and among 39,697 participants in HUNT3, two surveys with identical headache questions. 16,118 persons participated in all three surveys, and among these, a Poisson regression was used to evaluate health-related baseline information in HUNT2 and the risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence interval (CIs) of consistently reporting headache during follow-up. RESULTS Compared with the 1-year prevalence in HUNT3, a higher proportion of participants in HUNT4 had tension-type headache (20.7% vs. 15.9%, p  less then  0.001), whereas a lower 1-year prevalence was found for migraine (11.1% vs. 12.0%, p  less then  0.001) and medication overuse headache (MOH) (0.3% vs. 1.0%, p  less then  0.001). Participants in the age group 20-39 years at baseline nearly three times increased risk (RR = 2.8, 95% CI 2.5-3.1) of reporting headache in HUNT2, HUNT3 and HUNT4 than persons aged 50 years or more. Female sex, occurrence of chronic musculoskeletal complaints and high score of depression or anxiety at baseline doubled the risk of having headache in all three surveys. CONCLUSIONS The 1-year prevalence of migraine and MOH was lower in HUNT4 than in HUNT3. Young age, female sex, and occurrence of musculoskeletal complaints and high score of anxiety and/or depression were all associated with substantially increased risk of reporting headache in all three surveys.BACKGROUND Although the presence of thrombus in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has been linked to adverse outcomes, routine thrombus aspiration has not been proven effective. A potential explanation is that these patients should be risk-stratified. Traditional clinical, laboratory and angiographic parameters used in clinical trials have been proven inadequate to classify patients. Aspirated thrombotic material characteristics might be an additional important parameter that has not yet been addressed. In this report, we aim to describe a methodological analysis of thrombus aspirated from coronary arteries during primary PCI using micro-Computed Τomography (micro-CT). These data will be combined with traditional factors to develop a risk-stratification system with high discriminative power for these patients. METHODS Eighty-seven patients with STEMI undergoing thrombus aspiration in AHEPA University Hospital, Greece, will be enrolled in the study. The first patient was enrolled in June 2018. After being aspirated, thrombi are preserved in formalin and their volume and density are calculated with micro-CT. Micro-CT allows us to create 3D models of thrombi from a series of x-ray projection images. These models are further analyzed to find the volume and density of extracted thrombi and to assess potential differences in their structure. Association of these variables with clinical parameters and angiographic outcomes will be explored. DISCUSSION QUEST-STEMI is-to our knowledge-the first study of volumetric coronary thrombus assessment by micro-CT. This method could be used in larger, clinically-oriented trials to help stratify patients with thrombus burden according to their risk for adverse outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION QUEST-STEMI trial ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT03429608 Date of registration February 12, 2018. The study was prospectively registered (registered prior to enrollment of the first participant).AIMS To produce recombinant E.coli that carry plastic degradation enzyme (MHETase) Background Plastics have a flexibility that can be formed into solid objects to produce various shapes and sizes (Vert et al., 2012). It can be used at various temperatures because the chemical properties are resistant to light, very strong and tough and easily formed at high temperatures with low production prices (Andrady and Neal, 2009). Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is the most widely produced polyester plastic in the world. There were 7.4% of plastics converted into PET polymers from total world plastic production in 2016 (PlasticsEurope, 2017). PET is very difficult to catalyze or biological depolymerization due to limited access to ester bonds. Whereas, chemical recycling has been carried out because of the high processing costs compared to PET production. Consequently, plastic will be stockpiled or flowed into the environment which is projected until hundreds of years (Gregory and Anthony, 2003). In 2016, Shosuke Yoshida and team, were discovered that Ideonella sakaiensis 201-F6 has the ability to degrade PET and able to use PET as their main source of energy and carbon.