01). EAF, PEF and CPF were the most effective components to alleviate diarrhea and gastrointestinal injury induced by rhubarb.Ficus deltoidea is a medicinal plant that has high endophytic actinobacteria diversity. Endophytic actinobacteria play an important role in producing various types of bioactive compounds including α-glucosidase inhibitor. Screening of 40 endophytic actinobacteria isolates from F. deltoidea showed that 77% of them had inhibitory activity against rat α-glucosidase. The 64% of isolates that have rat α-glucosidase inhibitor activity were derived from leaves. TBL 7, TBL 24, TBS 3, TBS 17 and TBR 20 have high activity. Based on the molecular identification of the 16S rRNA gene, five selected isolates have similarity with Streptomyces spp. The aqueous and n-hexane extracts of TBL 7 isolates had the lowest IC50 values of 159.25 µg/ml and 118.52 µg/ml, respectively. Qualitative phytochemical analysis showed that aqueous and n-hexane extracts of TBL 7 contained flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, triterpenoids, tannins, and saponins. These results showed that endophytic actinobacteria from F. detoidea have the potential to be developed as α-glucosidase inhibitor.Apomorphine, a psycho stimulant, has neuroprotective effects due to its ability to decrease oxidative stress. Stress-induced dopaminergic dysfunction might lead to posttraumatic stress disorder, depression and related disorders. This dopaminergic dysfunction is more pre-dominant in basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex. Targeting of this dysfunction by psychostimulants, involves elevating dopamine in these brain regions and reduction of stress. On the other hand, stress itself can aggravate addictive effects to psycho stimulants. Present study was therefore designed to monitor the role of apomorphine in the attenuation of stress-induced behavioral deficits. Rats were exposed to 2hr restraint stress either before or after the apomorphine administration, to monitor effects of apomorphine administration on stress-induced behavioral deficits. Stress-induced decreases in food intake, growth rate and elevated plus maze activity were exacerbated if apomorphine was experienced during restraint stress. Conversely, these behavioral deficits were attenuated if apomorphine was experienced after restraint stress. It shows that apomorphine, if experienced during restraint stress, produces greater behavioral deficits, while the same were attenuated in rats receiving apomorphine after the termination of restraint stress. Results suggest that apomorphine and possibly the other CNS stimulants may help to cope stress by attenuating stress-induced behavioral deficits, if experienced after stress.Atractylodis rhizoma is a frequently-used traditional Chinese medicine in clinical practice, which have the effect of eliminating dampness and tonifying spleen. And after being processed with wheat bran, the dryness of A. rhizoma is reduced, and the function of tonifying spleen is enhanced. Atractylenolides are the major bioactive components of A. rhizoma, including atractylenolide I (AI), atractylenolide Ⅱ (AⅡ) and atractylenolide Ⅲ (AⅢ). The present study aimed to develope a new UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of three atractylenolides in rat urine, and applied to the excretory kinetics in Sprague-Dawley rats after oral administration of crude and processed A. rhizoma extracts. Analytes and internal standard were detected without interference in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with positive electrospray ionization. The excretory kinetics parameters were calculated by a urine drug analysis model of drug and statistics (DAS) 3.2.8 software. The t1/2 and Ke of three atractylenolides had no significant difference between crude and processed A. rhizoma, but the recovery accumulative excretion of them in processed A. rhizoma were apparently higher than the crude ones (p less then 0.05, p less then 0.01). The results showed that only a small amount of atractylenolides excreted in urine and processing A. rhizoma with wheat bran by stir frying could promote the urinary excretion of them.Over more than 40 years, many clinical studies are questioning the efficacy of Insulin Sliding Scale (ISS) in controlling blood sugar levels in hospitalized diabetic patients. Its efficacy remains suboptimal and many treatment guidelines recommending its discontinuation. No studies were conducted to explore the impact of clinical pharmacy services in this area. This study aimed to detect the efficacy of ISS in controlling blood sugar level and convince the physicians about ISS failure in an attempt to change to the Basal / Bolus technique.

a total of 99 cardiovascular patients were enrolled in this study and during clinical pharmacist’s round, responses to the ISS were recorded and discussed with the treating physicians. The physician’s acceptance was also recorded. Specific patients’ characteristics that may potentially affect the blood sugar levels control were detected for every patient.

ISS failed to control the blood sugar level in 98% of the patients. Only 12% of patients had elevated serum creatinine. Elderly patients accounted for 49% of the patients and 54% of patients were obese. Physician’s response rate to change to the basal / bolus technique was 54%.

ISS failure in controlling blood sugar levels necessitates its discontinuation.

ISS failure in controlling blood sugar levels necessitates its discontinuation.The majority of the world population suffers from mental and behavioral disorder. It is the need of the time to find an alternate of presently available medicines in order to decrease the medical expense. Homeopathic remedies are available and prescribed by homeopaths for treatment of anxiety and depression. Unfortunately, no data are available that proves its potential to relieve mental illness. The current study is designed to assess neuro behavioral and antidepressant like effects of homeopathic remedies Staphysagria, Argentum nitricum and Ignatia amara in comparison with standard drug (escitalopram). learn more Different neuro behavioral activities were analyzed. The animals were administered the doses of all homeopathic remedied (60 µl to the rats) and escitalopram (0.042 mg to rats) through the oral route. The activities were observed on day 30th and day 60th. Our result suggests that the swimming time in Staphysagria treated group were significantly improved (p less then 0.001) after day 60th and significance rise was observed (p less then 0.