length is associated with posterior wall injury.We assessed factors associated with premature physeal closure (PPC) and outcomes after closed reduction of Salter-Harris type II (SH-II) fractures of the distal tibia. We reviewed patients with SH-II fractures of the distal tibia treated at our center from 2010 to 2015 with closed reduction and a non-weightbearing long-leg cast. Patients were categorized by immediate postreduction displacement minimal, 4 mm. Demographic data, radiographic data, and Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) scores were recorded.Fifty-nine patients (27 girls, 31 right ankles, 26 concomitant fibula fractures) were included, with a mean (±SD) age at injury of 12.0 ± 2.2 years. Mean maximum fracture displacements were 6.6 ± 6.5 mm initially, 2.7 ± 2.0 mm postreduction, and 0.4 ± 0.7 mm at final follow-up. After reduction, displacement was minimal in 23 patients, moderate in 21, and severe in 15. Fourteen patients developed PPC, with no significant differences between postreduction displacement groups. Patients with high-grade injury mechanisms and/or initial displacement ≥4 mm had 12-fold and 14-fold greater odds, respectively, of PPC. Eighteen patients responded to the LEFS survey (mean 4.0 ± 2.1 years after injury). LEFS scores did not differ significantly between postreduction displacement groups (P = .61).The PPC rate in this series of SH-II distal tibia fractures was 24% and did not differ by postreduction displacement. Initial fracture displacement and high-grade mechanisms of injury were associated with PPC. LEFS scores did not differ significantly by postreduction displacement.Level of Evidence Level IV, case series.Complete blood count (CBC)-derived parameters such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), eosinophil-to-lymphocyte (ELR) ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are sensitive markers of occult inflammation and disease activity for systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, esophageal cancer, etc. We assessed NLR, PLR, MLR, and ELR as indicators of inflammation in achalasia patients.This cross-sectional study included 103 achalasia patients and 500 healthy blood donor volunteers (HD). Demographic, clinical and laboratory information was collected. NLR, MLR, ELR and PLR were calculated. Peripheral Th22, Th17, Th2 and Th1 subsets were determined by flow cytometry. Correlation between hematologic indices and clinical questionnaires scores, HRM parameters and CD4+ T-cells were assessed. Hematologic parameters associated with the different achalasia subtypes were evaluated by logistic regression analysis.Hemoglobin, leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, and platelets counts were significantly lower in achalasia patients vs controls. NLR (P = .006) and ELR (P  less then  .05) were higher in achalasia patients vs controls. NLR was significantly associated with achalasia in multivariate analysis (P  less then  .001). Compared to HD, the achalasia group was 1.804 times more likely to have higher NLR (95% CI 1.287-2.59; P  less then  .001). GERD-HRQL score had statistically significant correlations with PLR (Pearson’s rho0.318, P = .003), and ELR (Pearson’s rho0.216; P = .044). No correlation between CD4+ T-cells and hematologic indices were determined. NLR with a cut-off value of ≥2.20 and area under the curve of 0.581 yielded a specificity of 80% and sensitivity of 40%, for the diagnosis of achalasia.NLR is increased in achalasia patients vs HD. Sensitivity and specificity achieved by NLR may contribute to a clinical and manometric evaluation. We suggest these indices as potential indicators of silent inflammation and disease activity.BACKGROUND Low intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and deep neuromuscular blockade (NMB) are frequently used in laparoscopic abdominal surgery to improve surgical space conditions and decrease postoperative pain. The evidence supporting operations using low IAP and deep NMB is open to debate. METHODS The feasibility of the routine use of low IAP +deep NMB during laparoscopic surgery was examined. A meta-analysis is conducted with randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the influence of low IAP + deep NMB vs. low IAP + moderate NMB, standard IAP +deep NMB, and standard IAP + moderate NMB during laparoscopic procedures on surgical space conditions, the duration of surgery and postoperative pain. RCTs were identified using the Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science databases from initiation to June 2019. Our search identified 9 eligible studies on the use of low IAP + deep NMB and surgical space conditions. RESULTS Low IAP + deep NMB during laparoscopic surgery did not improve the surgical space conditiof recovery or both after laparoscopic surgery should be studied in the future.Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the second most common etiology for vision loss. There is contrasting evidence on the association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and the risk of RVO. We performed a meta-analysis of published articles before October 31, 2019, to estimate a pooled odds ratio for the association between DM and RVO, including central and branch RVO by a fixed or random effects model. We identified 37 publications from 38 studies (1 publication was from 2 studies), published between 1985 and 2019. In total, 148,654 cases and 23,768,820 controls were included in this meta-analysis. The results of pooled analysis for all 37 publications (or 38 studies) showed a significant association between DM and the risk of RVO (OR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.43-1.99). Subgroup analysis indicated that DM was significantly associated with CRVO (OR = 1.98, 95% CI 1.29-3.03, I = 67.9%), but not significantly associated with BRVO (OR = 1.22, 95% CI 0.95-1.56, I = 64.1%). Vandetanib VEGFR inhibitor In conclusion, the result of present meta-analysis suggested that DM is a risk factor for RVO. More well-designed studies on the relationship between RVO and DM should be undertaken in the future.The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of herpes zoster infection with peptic ulcer disease in a Korean population.The Korean National Health Insurance Service selects samples directly from the entire Korean population database, and 1,125,691 participants with 114,369,638 medical claim codes were selected from the entire Korean population (50 million). A total of 127,802 peptic ulcer disease participants were matched with 127,802 control participants at a ratio of 11, considering age group, sex, income group, region of residence, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. We analyzed stratified Cox proportional hazard models to calculate the hazard ratios of peptic ulcer with respect to herpes zoster. For subgroup analyses, we divided the participants by age, sex, and time periods after the index date.The rate of herpes zoster was higher in the peptic ulcer group (9.1% [11,669/127,802]) than in the control group (7.4% [9,397/127,802], P  less then  .001). The adjusted hazard ratio of herpes zoster was 1.