The risk was enhanced with the increase of both daily screen time and cumulative years of screen exposure during preschool period. Moreover, the cross-over analysis indicated that the first three years following birth might be a sensitive period for children when screen exposure increases the risk of experiencing autistic-like behaviors. In conclusion, our study implied that screen exposure in early life might increase the occurrence of autistic-like behaviors among preschoolers. These findings support the need for early interventions into preschoolers’ screen use, however longitudinal studies are necessary to further confirm the causal relationship between early screen time and the incidence of later autistic-like behaviors among preschool children.Persistence of Listeria monocytogenes in retail deli environments is a serious food safety issue, potentially leading to cross-contamination of ready-to-eat foods such as deli meats, salads, and cheeses. We previously discovered strong evidence of L. monocytogenes persistence in delis across multiple states. We hypothesized that this was correlated with isolates’ innate characteristics, such as biofilm-forming capacity or gene differences. To test this hypothesis, we sequenced the genomes of 21 L. monocytogenes isolates previously collected longitudinally from the retail deli environment. click here Isolates were chosen to represent varying attachment capacity and sanitizer tolerance as well as persistence or transience. We used single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis to characterize the isolates’ genetic relationships and used BLAST to search the isolates’ genomes for antibiotic resistance elements, quaternary ammonium tolerance genes, and stress survival islets. We further chose four isolates for RNA-sequencing analysis and compared their global biofilm transcriptome with their global planktonic transcriptome. We did not find genetic content that explained persistence. The presence of stress survival islet-1 correlated to increased attachment capacity (p  less then  0.05), but not persistence. Further, the presence of sanitizer tolerance elements was not significantly correlated with phenotypic sanitizer tolerance. Analysis of biofilm versus planktonic gene expression did not show the expected differences in gene expression patterns. Overall, L. monocytogenes persistence in the deli environment is likely a matter of poor sanitation and/or facility design, rather than isolates’ biofilm-forming capacity, sanitizer tolerance, or genomic content.One may expect that isotopic exchange has no influence on charge carrier lifetime and perovskite solar cell performance because isotopic effects do not affect the fundamental electronic structure of materials. Experiments defy this expectation. By performing nonadiabatic (NA) molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that hydrogen and deuterium exchange significantly enhances the excited-state lifetime and stability of CH3NH3PbI3. Replacing lighter hydrogen with heavier deuterium suppresses the collective motions of organic and inorganic components, thus enhancing lattice stiffness and decreasing the NA coupling. Isotopic exchange further reduces NA coupling by localizing electron wave functions for separation of electrons and holes, which beats the extended coherence time, slowing down nonradiative electron-hole recombination from CH3ND3PbI3 to CD3ND3PbI3 with respect to the pristine system. The unchanged fundamental electronic structure together with the prolonged carrier lifetime and enhanced stability rationalize the improvement of the deuterated CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells. Our work provides valuable insights into isotope effects for the design of high-performance perovskite photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices.In this study, we constructed a highly sensitive and selective electrochemical sensing strategy for l-ascorbic acid (AA) based on a covalent organic framework (COF)-loading non-noble transition metal Co ion and macrocyclic cationic pillar[6]arene (CP6) nanocomposite (CP6-COF-Co). The COF plays a crucial role in anchoring the Co ion according to its crystalline porous and multiple coordination sites and has an outstanding performance for building an electrochemical sensing platform based on a unique two-dimensional structure. Accordingly, the transition-metal Co ion can be successfully anchored on the framework of COF and shows strong catalytic activity for the determination of AA. Moreover, introduction of host-guest recognition based on CP6 and AA can bring new properties for enhancing selectivity, sensitivity, and practical application in real environment. Host-guest interactions between CP6 and AA were evaluated by the 1H NMR spectrum. When compared with other literatures, our method displayed a lower determination limit and broader linear range. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study carried out for the non-noble transition-metal Co ion, COF, and pillar[6]arene hybrid material in sensing field, which has a potential value in sensing, catalysis, and preparation of advanced multifunction materials.The mechanism of solvation of ions by ionic liquids is more complex than solvation in most molecular solvents as the ionic liquid itself provides the counter ion. Solvation and ion pairing of anionic substrates in room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) were investigated using resonance Raman spectroscopy and DFT calculations. The purpose of this study was to differentiate between the formation of discrete cation/anion structures and a double-layer cloud of counter ions without specific atomic interactions between the ionic species. In acetonitrile/RTIL mixtures, the radical anion and dianion of dinitrobenzene (DNB) are stabilized by RTILs through solvation and ion pairing. The formation of the lowest-energy ion pair led to the largest shifts in the Raman band in DNB-·, while significantly smaller shifts were predicted for general solvation. The effect of general solvation and ion pair formation was studied using DFT with the implicit solvation model. Identification of the bands most sensitive to tight ion pairing allowed for the interpretation of the observed vibrational changes. The formation of tight ion pairs between the anionic solutes depends on both cation-solute and RTIL cation-anion interactions. Tight ion pairs were observed in RTILs, but general solvation was also important. This work establishes the advantageous use of vibrational spectroscopy to provide detailed structural information not accessible from voltammetry alone.