001).

The use of auriculotherapy is recommended for the prevention and alleviation of shoulder pain after a cesarean section.

The use of auriculotherapy is recommended for the prevention and alleviation of shoulder pain after a cesarean section.

Spasticity in cerebral palsy is one of the most common disabilities of children in developing countries.

The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of laser acupuncture on spasticity in children with spastic cerebral palsy.

This clinical trial was conducted on 60 patients with spastic cerebral palsy at 2 to 10years. The patients were categorized into two groups the control group and treatment group. Laser acupuncture was applied on GV20, GV14, LI4, GB34, and LR3 (power 50mW, 785nm, 1Joule, 40seconds) three times a week for 12 sessions in the treatment group and placebo laser acupuncture on the same points in the control group. The spasticity was measured using the Modified Ashworth Scale before and after complete sessions.

The results showed that there was a significant reduction in the Modified Ashworth Scale score in the treatment group compared with the control group (p=0.003).

This study suggest that laser acupuncture on GV20, GV14, LI4, GB34, and LR3 can reduce spasticity for children with spastic cerebral palsy.

This study suggest that laser acupuncture on GV20, GV14, LI4, GB34, and LR3 can reduce spasticity for children with spastic cerebral palsy.The COVID-19 outbreak in Winter (2020) has caused widespread disruption for health sciences students undergoing clinical placements-vital periods of experiential learning that cannot be substituted with distance alternatives. For students placed in rural areas, already coping with isolation, precarious supply chains and shortages of essential personnel, the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak may have far-reaching implications for psychosocial wellness, self-efficacy and clinical judgment. Four nursing and eight medical students (n = 12) supplied photographs and commentary documenting the experience of withdrawing suddenly from clinical sites in rural Alberta. Collaborative, thematic analysis revealed continuities between pre- and post-outbreak life, both for the students and their rural hosts. Social determinants of health such as seclusion, environmental hazards, and health-seeking behaviors carried over and compounded the effects of the outbreak on the placement communities and clinical sites. Vafidemstat in vitro Other continuities included the reliance on technology for clinical and social connectivity, and capitalizing on natural settings to cope with isolation and confinement. Prolonged liminality, lack of closure, and the loss of team identity were the greatest stressors brought on by the suspension of clinical activities. However, the participants felt well equipped to deal with these circumstances through the resilience, adaptability, and community ethos acquired during their placements.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a newly identified strain of the coronavirus family that has been shown to affect the hemoglobin beta chain, the same chain that has sickle cell disease (SCD) mutation. This study was undertaken to see if COVID-19 infection increased disease severity in patients with SCD.

Mass screening of the Bahraini population was undertaken between February and April 2020.

A total of 38,092 Bahraini people were tested for COVID-19 during this period; 378 (1%) were SCD patients. Six patients with SCD had COVID-19 (1.6%) three remained asymptomatic, two had mild symptoms and one required oxygen therapy. The SCD patients had a similar average length of stay when compared with non-SCD COVID-19 patients (10.7 days).

The infection rate, clinical course and viral clearance seen for the SCD patients with COVID-19 were no different to those without SCD.

The infection rate, clinical course and viral clearance seen for the SCD patients with COVID-19 were no different to those without SCD.This study used Electron Cryo-tomography (ECT) and fluorescent images to evaluate antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on the envelope architecture of a Gram-negative bacteria and the effects of combined therapy of aPDT and antibiotics. Standard and clinical suspension of Escherichia coli were submitted to photodynamic treatment with methylene blue solution (100μM) and a 100 mW LED emitting at 660 nm with 3 and 18 J of energy. As a control group, a suspension of E. coli was submitted to penicillin V for 60 min at 30 °C, to compare the damage in cell wall structure. After treatment, ECT images were collected and E. coli biofilms were grown in glass-cover slides and stained with live/dead staining for fluorescence analysis before and after treatments. Bacteria were also submitted to disc diffusion and MIC50 tests with Ampicillin, Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid, Clindamycin and Erythromycin. For in vivo experiment Galleria mellonella larvae were infected with E. coli and treated with antibiotics, aPDT or combined therapy. ECT images presented damage to cell walls and vesicles structures inside and outside the bacteria and fluorescent images showed dose dependent effect of aPDT. Antibiotic or aPDT alone did not improve the survival of caterpillars, but the combined therapy significantly increased survival curve. ECT and fluorescent images shows that aPDT seems to promote micro-damages to cell envelope and causes the production of membrane vesicles permeabilizing cell membranes. The results showed that pre-treating bacterial cells with a photosensitizer and light make them more susceptible to antibiotics and could be an alternative to local infection treatment by resistant bacteria.We demonstrate a photothermal optical coherence tomography (PTOCT) system, with upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as a molecular probe. We synthesized hydrophilic, biocompatible upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) using hydrothermal synthesis. We developed the PTOCT system along with the signal processing tool and applied this technique on animal tissue phantom for targeted imaging. The ‘lock-in detection’ of the amplitude modulated photothermal beam (980 nm), which used to excite the UCNPs was the backbone of the signal processing algorithm. The signal processing was further established in different aspects. As an application part, the diffusion dynamics of the UCNPs was performed inside the tissue to study molecular movement and subsequent changes in tissue properties. A comparison of photothermal optical coherence tomography (PTOCT) with phase variance optical coherence tomography (PVOCT) for targeted molecular imaging also presented.