After allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), especially from an unrelated donor, infectious complications are frequent and severe, sometimes with fatal outcomes. Despite using highly sensitive molecular techniques for close monitoring in the early post-transplant period for early diagnosis, not every viral infection or reactivation can be detected adequately early, even with highly sensitive methods. Particularly after toxic and deeply immunosuppressive treatment, multiple infections or reactivations, uncommon infections, or infections in unusual locations can occur. Here, we present a case of multiple viral infections or reactivations and cerebral toxoplasmosis in a 17-year-old youth with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) treated with allo-HSCT who suffered multiple viral infections followed by cerebral toxoplasmosis.

The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery recommends a minimum of 20 surgical specialists and 5,000 annual operations per 100,000 population by 2030. In 2012, Sierra Leone was far from reaching these targets. This study aimed to assess the changes in surgical activity, surgical workforce, and surgical productivity between 2012 and2017.

A nationwide, retrospective mapping of surgical activity and workforce in 2012 was repeated in 2017. All 60 facilities performing comprehensive surgery in Sierra Leone in 2017 were identified and data was obtained from surgical records and through structured interviews with facility directors. Annual estimates were calculated and compared with2012.

The surgical workforce increased from 164.5 to 312.8 full-time positions. The annual volume of surgeries was enhanced by 15.6% (95% CI 7.8-23.4%) from 24,152 to 27,928 (26,048-29,808) operations. With simultaneous population growth, this led to a decrease in surgical volume from 400 to 372 procedures per 100,000 population and an

Bites are an important contributor to traumatic injury worldwide. In low- and middle-income countries, data regarding bite injuries outside of rabies is limited. Therefore, we sought to describe the injury characteristics and outcomes of bites in Lilongwe, Malawi, and determine risk factors for animals and human bites.

We performed a retrospective analysis of the Kamuzu Central Hospital trauma registry from 2008-2018. We performed Bivariate analyses comparing bite to non-bite trauma and human to animal bites. Multivariable Poisson regression modeling then estimated risk factors for bites.

A total of 124,394 patients were captured by the registry, of which 3,680 (3%) had a bite injury mechanism. Human bites accounted for 14.5% of bite injuries, and animals represented the remaining 85.5%. In rare cases, animal bite victims had serious complications, such as amputation (n=6, 0.2%), orthopedic procedures (n=5, 0.2%), and death (n=7, 0.2%). Risk factors for an animal bite included being on a farm, field, or lake and being at home, whereas risk factors for a human bite included alcohol use and being at home.

Animal bite injuries in Malawi can confer a risk of serious complications, such as amputation and, in rare cases, death. Alcohol-associated, in-home interpersonal violence is a significant risk factor for human bite injuries. Further studies are needed to identify risk factors for complications and mortality.

Animal bite injuries in Malawi can confer a risk of serious complications, such as amputation and, in rare cases, death. Alcohol-associated, in-home interpersonal violence is a significant risk factor for human bite injuries. Further studies are needed to identify risk factors for complications and mortality.

Different stand-alone cerclage configurations and their optimal twisting techniques have been investigated over the years. This study tests for the stabilizing effect of different supplemental cerclage materials in combination with locked plating of distal tibia fractures.

Locking plate fixation of a distal tibial spiral fracture was tested as stand-alone and with supplemental cerclage materials (one cable, two cables, wire, fiber tape). Construct stiffness and fracture gap movements were investigated under quasi-static and dynamic loads and compared to the stand-alone locking plate.

With each of the tested cerclages, stiffness was significantly higher than for a solitary plate osteosynthesis. Most reduction in fracture gap movement was achieved by cable cerclages, followed by double-looped wire and double-looped fiber tape cerclages. Under dynamic loading an additional cable cerclage reduces excessive gap movement.

Compared to solitary plate osteosynthesis all supplemental cerclage materials were generally superior with reduced fracture gap movements whereas cable cerclages showing the greatest stabilizing effect.

Compared to solitary plate osteosynthesis all supplemental cerclage materials were generally superior with reduced fracture gap movements whereas cable cerclages showing the greatest stabilizing effect.Determination of the chemical composition in the body and carcass of ruminants is important for both nutritional requirement studies and the meat industry. This study aimed to develop equations to predict the body and carcass chemical composition of hair sheep using the chemical composition of body parts, carcass measurements and shrunk BW as predictors. A database containing 107 individual records for castrated male hair sheep ranging from 24 to 43 kg BW was gathered from two body composition studies. click here The empty body, carcass and body parts were analyzed for water, ash, fat and protein contents (%). The body parts used to estimate body and carcass composition were fore leg, hind leg and 9-11th rib section. The carcass measurements used were leg length, thoracic circumference, hind circumference, hind width, thoracic width, thoracic depth and chest width. Each model performance was evaluated using a leave-one-out cross-validation. Multiple regression analysis considering the study as a random effect revealed t, precision, accuracy and goodness-of-fit of the equations drove the selection of the chemical composition of hind leg and carcass measurements in a multivariate approach, as the most suitable predictors of the chemical composition of the body and carcass of hair sheep. However, the chemical composition of fore leg may be used as well. The developed equations could improve the accuracy of the empty body and carcass composition estimations in sheep, optimizing the estimation of nutrient requirements, as well as the carcass quality evaluation for this species.