Data were too statistically heterogeneous to perform meta-analyses.

Editorial handling times of journals varied widely from a few months to almost two years, which delays the availability of new evidence. The editorial handling time did not differ between submission-to-acceptance-time and acceptance-to-publication-time. Examining differences in editorial processes between journals with long and short editorial handling times may help uncover, which processes are frequent causes of delay and thereby where to improve.

Editorial handling times of journals varied widely from a few months to almost two years, which delays the availability of new evidence. The editorial handling time did not differ between submission-to-acceptance-time and acceptance-to-publication-time. Examining differences in editorial processes between journals with long and short editorial handling times may help uncover, which processes are frequent causes of delay and thereby where to improve.This study consisted of two rounds of cross-sectional observations designed to evaluate the persistence of immune protection induced high antigen content hepatitis B (HB) vaccine at 60 μg/1.0 ml formulations administered at a three-dose schedule (Days 0, 28, and 56) in non-responders to routine HB vaccination. In the original phase 3 study, we enrolled 1091 healthy participants (16-60 years old) seronegative for antibody against HB surface antigen (anti-HBs) after primary vaccination. Participants were randomized (221) to receive three booster doses of HB vaccine containing 60 μg, 30 μg, or 10 μg of antigen per dose 28 days apart. In the group receiving the 60 μg HB vaccine, 428 participants’ serum samples were available at pre-vaccination and 28 days after each vaccine dose and were included in immunogenicity analysis. With two written informed consents, we collected blood samples from 276 (67.2%) participants in 2014 and 239 (58.2%) in 2019, who had completed the full course of revaccination and reached the ensure long-term protection.During 1-leg cycling, contralateral muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) falls in healthy adults but increases in most with reduced ejection fraction heart failure (HFrEF). selleck chemicals llc We hypothesized that their peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) relates inversely to their MSNA response to exercise. Twenty-nine patients (6 women; 63±9 years; LVEF 30±7%; V̇O2peak 78±23 percent age-predicted (%V̇O2peak); mean±SD) and 21 healthy adults (9 women; 58±7 years; 115±29% V̇O2peak) performed 2-mins of mild- (“loadless”) and moderate-intensity (“loaded”) 1-leg cycling. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), contralateral leg MSNA and perceived exertion rate (RPE) were recorded. Resting MSNA burst frequency (BF) was higher (p less then 0.01) in HFrEF (51±11 vs 44±7 bursts∙min-1). Exercise HR, BP and RPE responses at either intensity were similar between groups. In minute two of “loadless” and “loaded” cycling, group mean BF fell from baseline values in controls (-5±6 and -7±7 bursts∙min-1, respectively) but rose in HFrEF (+5±7 and +5±10 bursts∙min-1). However, in 10 of the latter cohort, BF fell, similarly to controls. An inverse relationship between ΔBF from baseline to “loaded” cycling and %V̇O2peak was present in patients (r=-0.43, p less then 0.05), absent in controls (r=0.07, p=0.77). In HFrEF, ~18% of variance in %V̇O2peak can be attributed to the change in BF elicited by exercise. Novelty Bullets • Unlike healthy individuals, in the majority of heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), 1-leg cycling increases muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). • In HFrEF, ~18% of age-predicted peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) can be attributed to changes in MSNA elicited by low-intensity exercise. • This relationship is absent in healthy adults.Background Negative emotion is associated with substance craving and use in individuals recovering from substance use disorders, including prescription opioid use disorder (POUD). Decisions to abandon or persist towards a goal after negative emotion-eliciting events, and neural responses that shape such decisions, may be important in maintaining recovery from POUD.Objectives We examined differences in neural responses to negative events and subsequent persistence decisions in individuals recovering from POUD without a history of a substance use disorder. Methods 20 individuals with POUD (POUD group 4 females, abstinent 2-3 weeks after admission to an inpatient treatment facility post-detoxification, no other substance use disorder), and 20 individuals with no substance use history (control group 6 females) completed a persistence-after-setbacks task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Participants advanced along a path toward a reward; after encountering each negative event (i.e., progress-erasing setback), participants made decisions to persist or abandon the path. Persistence decision rates were compared between groups and blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal to negative events was analyzed within a striatum region of interest (ROI) as well as whole-brain.Results The POUD group persisted less (t(38) = 2.293, p = .028, d = .725) and showed lower striatum (left ventral putamen) signal to negative events compared to the control group (p less then .05, corrected for striatum ROI).Conclusions In POUD, neural and behavioral responses to negative events differ from controls. These differences are a target for research to address whether POUD treatment increases persistence and striatum responses to negative events and improves recovery outcomes.In 2010, a 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) was introduced in the Brazilian national immunization program; the 3 + 1 dose schedule was replaced by a 2 + 1 dose schedule in 2016. This systematic review presents the latest published evidence (2015-2020) on the impact after 10-year use of PHiD-CV in Brazil from a total of 29 publications. Overall, the PHiD-CV program had a positive impact on the morbidity and mortality associated with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), pneumonia and acute otitis media (AOM) in children less then 5 years-old. A reduction in the vaccine-type invasive disease was observed in all-ages; suggesting indirect protection unvaccinated older children and adults. The occurrence of non-vaccine type disease was evidenced in some studies. Higher vaccination coverage is required at national and state level for sustained population impact. Given the change in the vaccination schedule and the dynamics of pneumococcal disease epidemiology, continuous surveillance is warranted.