Cellular activity such as gene expression is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms and modifications. In mammals, DNA methylation is an essential component of the epigenetic machinery of the cells. DNA hypermethylation of the several tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) is associated with transcriptional gene silencing resulting in colon tumorigenesis. Overexpression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) in colon cancer has been reported in several studies. The methylation of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) have been demonstrated in various cancers. Previously, we indicated that genistein can reactivate ERα in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study was designed to investigate the effect of 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-aza-CdR) on ERα/ERβ and DNMT1 gene expression, apoptosis induction, and cell viability inhibition of the colon carcinoma HT 29 cell line.

The effect of 5-Aza-CdR on the colon carcinoma HT 29 cell viability was measured by MTT assay. To determine the apoptotic cells, the cells were assessed using the Annexin V-FITC/PI detection kit. The expression of ERα, ERβ, and DNMT1 genes was determined using real-time quantitative RT-PCR.

The results indicated that 5-Aza-CdR can inhibit cell growth significantly versus control groups, induce significant apoptosis, down-regulate DNMT1, and up-regulate ERα and ERβ genes expression at different time periods. The percentage of apoptotic cells was 85.83% and 86.84% after 24 and 48 h, respectively (

< 0.01). The IC50 value for 5-Aza-CdR was obtained at 2.5 μM.

5-Aza-CdR can up-regulate ERα and ERβ genes expression through DNMT1 down-regulation resulting in apoptosis induction and cell growth prevention.

5-Aza-CdR can up-regulate ERα and ERβ genes expression through DNMT1 down-regulation resulting in apoptosis induction and cell growth prevention.

Prostate cancer screening applied for early diagnosis of prostate cancer. But it is not usually pursued by men. This study was conducted to determine the effect of educational program based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) on prostate cancer screening.

A randomized clinical trial was carried out on 68 middle-aged men referring to community houses in Iran. Samples were selected consecutively considering the inclusion criteria. Then block randomization was used to assign the participants into two groups. Data collection included demographic characteristics, knowledge and construct of TPB (Attitude towards the behavior, Subjective norms, Perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention) and behavior. The participants in the intervention group attended a theory based program 4 session twice per week. The participants were evaluated before and two month after the intervention.

<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

After the 2 months intervention, the pretest-posttest changes in the intervention group compared to the control group were in the Knowledge 9.26 ± 3.5 vs. 0.03 ± 1.68, Attitude 11.46 ± 3.5 vs. -0.16 ± 1.39, Subjective norms 3.16 ± 2.6 vs. 0.29 ± 1.3, Behavioral control 6.76 ± 4 vs. 0.12 ± 1.60 and Behavioral intention 1.4 ± 1.54 vs. 0.00 ± 1.00 (

< 0.05). While none of the subjects in control group performed the prostate screening, 10 people (33.2%) performed it in the intervention group. (

< 0.001).

Educational program based on TPB has a positive effect on prostate cancer screening. It is recommended to set up regular training programs based on TPB to encourage middle-aged men for prostate cancer screening.

Educational program based on TPB has a positive effect on prostate cancer screening. It is recommended to set up regular training programs based on TPB to encourage middle-aged men for prostate cancer screening.The evaluation and management of severe asthma patients require collection of comprehensive information, which is often a challenge in a busy outpatient clinic. The Danish Severe Asthma Register (DSAR) was designed as an electronic patient record form that captures operational clinical data and provides a clinical overview of the severe asthma patient. DSAR is a nationwide register; all patients in Denmark who are treated with biologics for severe asthma are included, and data are as a minimum entered at start of biological treatment, after four and 12 months of treatment, and hereafter annually. Currently, there are data from 621 treatment courses with biologics included in DSAR, with 71% of patients treated with anti-IL-5 drugs and 29% with an anti-IgE drug. Patients enter Patient Reported Outcome Measures electronically on tablets when they arrive in the outpatient clinic and their answers are immediately available to the clinician during the consultation. Nurses and doctors enter clinical data into DSAR during the consultation. DSAR offers immediate access to well-presented longitudinal overview and automatically creates a journal output that can be copy-pasted into the hospital’s existing health record form. DSAR is also currently expanding with an app, to be used for monitoring of home-treatment. In addition to serving as an electronic patient record form, DSAR will also provide opportunities to monitor the real-life efficacy of biological treatment for severe asthma in Denmark, and it will be a valuable research platform that will aid in answering important research questions on severe asthma in the future.

The need for noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is commonly considered a predictor of poor survival, but life expectancy may vary depending on the underlying disease. We studied the factors associated with decreased survival and end-of-life characteristics in an unselected population of subjects starting NIV.

We conducted a retrospective study including 205 subjects initiating NIV from 1/1/2012-31/12/2015 who were followed up until 31/12/2017.

The median survival time was shorter in subjects needing help with activities of daily living than in independent subjects (hazard ratio (HR) for death 1.7, 95% CI 1.2-2.6,

=0.008) and was also shorter in subjects on long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) than in those not on LTOT (HR for death 2.8, 95% CI 1.9-4.3,

<0.001). check details There was marked difference in survival according to the disease necessitating NIV, and subjects with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or interstitial lung disease seemed to have the shortest survival. The two most common diseases resulting in the need for NIV were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS).