Oncogene amplification on extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) provides a mechanism by which cancer cells can rapidly adapt to changes in the tumour microenvironment. These circular structures contain oncogenes and their regulatory elements, and, lacking centromeres, they are subject to unequal segregation during mitosis. This non-Mendelian mechanism of…[Read more]

Oncogene amplification on extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) provides a mechanism by which cancer cells can rapidly adapt to changes in the tumour microenvironment. These circular structures contain oncogenes and their regulatory elements, and, lacking centromeres, they are subject to unequal segregation during mitosis. This non-Mendelian mechanism of…[Read more]

Eventually, 15 patients (75%) needed airway prostheses (silicone stent (75%) and tracheostomy (25%)). Conclusion Our findings indicate that SEMS should be avoided until positive results are consistently reported by high-quality studies in patients with benign TBS.In the last decades, the Robot Selection Problem (RSP) has been widely investigated,…[Read more]

Cranial computed tomography scan showed bilateral periventricular calcification and hydrocephalus in progress. The clinical, laboratory, and radiological examinations were consistent with RS. Molecular analyses revealed a compound heterozygous mutation in FAM20C gene (a known pathogenic mutation, c.1645C > T, p.Arg549Trp; and a novel c.8…[Read more]