Instead, we find that the evolution of a short larval period promotes greater exploration of climatic space, leading to increased rates of climatic niche evolution across species having this trait. We propose that morphological and physiological differences associated with variation in larval stage length underlie the heterogeneous ability of lineages to explore climatic niche space. Rapid rates of climatic niche evolution among species with short larval periods were an important dimension of the clade’s adaptive radiation and likely contributed to the rapid rate of lineage accumulation following the evolution of an aquatic life history in this clade. Our results show how variation in a key life-history trait can constrain or promote divergence of the climatic niche, leading to variation in rates of climatic niche evolution among species. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Acute obstructive colorectal cancer requires prompt decompression commonly by emergency surgery(ES). However, self-expanding metal stents(SEMS) have been increasingly used as a bridge-to-surgery (BTS) strategy. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a 8-year period, consecutive patients with acute left-sided colonic obstruction, due to locally advanced colorectal cancer, underwent ES or SEMS implantation. We evaluated technical/clinical success of SEMS, adverse events, overall(OS) and disease-free survival(DFS) of the two therapeutic options. RESULTS Forty-five patients underwent ES (n=23) or SEMS (n=22). The two groups were comparable for sex, age, ASA score and cancer site/stage. Technical and clinical successes of SEMS were 100% and 72.7% respectively. Clinical success correlated with neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) at baseline (OR=0.65, 95%CI 0.43-0.98, p=0.04). SEMS allowed primary anastomosis in the 45.5% of cases (0% in ES). SEMS implantation allowed a higher rate of surgery carried out by a laparoscopic approach 36.4% vs 13.0% in ES. Performance of a definitive stoma and complications were similar. Median OS (34 in SEMS; 45 in ES, p=0.33) and DFS (36 in SEMS; 35 in ES, p=0.35), did not differ between the two groups. At univariate analysis, DFS was positively associated to primary anastomosis (HR=2.44, 95%CI 1.4-16.6, p=0.04) and laparoscopic surgery (HR=8.33, 95%CI 1.08-50, p=0.04), and inversely to a NLR>3.6 (HR=0.59, 95%CI 0.16-0.92, p=0.03). At multivariate analysis, no feature retained an independent predictive power. CONCLUSION SEMS is an effective and safe procedure, equivalent to emergency surgery in terms of complications, OS and DFS, providing the chance of a primary anastomosis in the majority of patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between the frequency of sleep bruxism and report of morning headaches, and associations with depression and/or anxiety. BACKGROUND The association between sleep bruxism and headaches in the morning, and between these factors and affective disorders, has been examined in several investigations. Although headache is cited by the International Classification of Sleep Disorders as a symptom associated with sleep bruxism, only a small number of studies have investigated the association between the frequencies of headaches in the morning and bruxism. METHODS This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted between August 2017 and May 2018 in the municipality of Curitiba, Brazil. It comprised individuals of both sexes, ages between 18 and 65 years, with no restriction of race, skin color, or social group (n = 149). Structured questionnaires were used to survey demographic characteristics, sleep bruxism, depression, and anxiety. Self-reports and clinical examinations were used together to diagnose probable sleep bruxism and assess the frequency of this condition. The presence or absence of morning headaches and their frequency were evaluated using a self-report question. It was applied to people with anxiety and/or depression and to free controls of the general population by a trained dentist. RESULTS A significant relationship (P ˂ .001 – Chi-square test) was found between the frequency of sleep bruxism and morning headaches. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were associated with the presence of headache (P ˂ .001 – One way ANOVA), but not with the frequency of sleep bruxism. CONCLUSION The present study confirms the hypothesis of a direct relationship between the frequency of sleep bruxism and the frequency of morning headaches. It also confirmed a linear association between mean depression scores, mean anxiety scores, and morning headaches. © 2020 American Headache Society.OBJECTIVES To summarise the clinical presentation and outcomes in a series of miniature schnauzers diagnosed with histiocytic sarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective review of medical records of miniature schnauzers diagnosed with histiocytic sarcoma between 2008 and 2019 at two referral centres in the UK. Signalment, clinical signs at initial presentation, imaging results and clinico- and histopathological findings, treatment type and outcome were recorded. Progression-free survival and overall survival time were calculated. RESULTS Thirty dogs were included. Twenty-four of 29 dogs undergoing imaging of the thorax had lung and/or mediastinal involvement. The median overall survival time for dogs that were not euthanased within 3 days of diagnosis was 117 days (range 10 to 790). Three dogs underwent surgery; 13 received treatment with lomustine as a sole therapy – with partial responses documented on imaging in five of six dogs and 11 of 13 showing clinical improvement. c-Met chemical CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Histiocytic sarcoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis for miniature schnauzers with pulmonary masses. Although responses to treatment were common, they were usually short-lived because of the aggressive nature of the disease. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Small Animal Practice published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Small Animal Veterinary Association.