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  • Tilley Brogaard posted an update 1 day, 8 hours ago

    This work might facilitate a versatile platform for developing green 3D bionanocomposites with fairly good mechanical properties.A new heterogeneous bio-catalyst was prepared by the immobilization of lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescents (PFL) onto metal-organic frameworks (MOF), NH2-MIL-53(Fe), using covalent cross-linking. The immobilized lipase [PEG-PFL@NH2-MIL-53(Fe)] was firstly applied in enantioselective resolution of 4-fluoromandelic acid (4-FMA) enantiomers. After optimization of the immobilization PFL onto NH2-MIL-53, its loading capacity is 224.5 mg PFL/g MOF. The optimal enzymatic conditions are temperature of 50 °C, VA/4-FMA substrate ratio of 61, immobilized lipase loading of 60 mg and reaction time of 12 h. Experimental results show that the catalytic activity and thermal stability of PFL are significantly improved by polyethylene glycol (PEG) modification and immobilization. At 65 °C, the catalytic activity of immobilized lipase retains 86.0% of initial activity. Under the optimal conditions, the excellent results were obtained with conversion of 49.6% and enantiomer excess of 98.0% for the immobilized PFL catalyzed transesterification reaction. Furthermore, the immobilized lipase exhibits excellent cycle stability with 83% of its initial activity after four cycle.The study describes two approaches to enhance oxidoreductases. Both target molecular “wiring” of enzymes using green processes. The concepts were tested on plasma amine oxidase (PAO). In the first procedure PAO was transiently exposed to an ionic liquid (IL) in the presence of redox molecules, which resulted in partial unfolding. During subsequent dialysis, the enzyme refolded entrapping redox units and affording shorter distances for electron tunneling, hence a molecular “wire” to PAO’s prosthetic groups. selleck chemicals llc The other procedure described herein was totally reagentless, using high hydraulic pressure (HHP) to partially denature PAO (in the presence of redox molecules) followed by dialysis and refolding. The two approaches to enzyme “wiring” are discussed comparatively from the point of view of the parameters used during the procedure, residual enzyme activity, nature of the modifier, interaction between PAO and the redox molecules, and stability over time. The most active modified PAO (PAO-ME) from each series was tested in a biosensor for amine detection, toward applications in the food industry and clinical laboratory. Our approaches used “green” reagents (IL) and were made enzyme-friendly as well by the choice of “wires”.The polymer adsorbents in the sponge form have the porous structure and high elasticity that endow them with good adsorption capacity and recyclability. The immobilization of nano-materials in the sponges can improve their adsorption properties evidently. The nano-MIL-101(Fe)@chitosan(CS) hybrid sponge was prepared by freeze-drying method. Characterization results indicated that rhombic nano-MIL-101(Fe) particles were uniformly dispersed throughout the hybrid sponge. The hybrid sponge showed higher efficiency for the adsorption of anionic dyes compared with the pristine CS sponge. The maximum adsorption capacity of MIL-101(Fe)@CS sponge for Acid Red 94 reached 4518 mg/g and the rapid suction experiments on different dyes showed that the hybrid sponge could be used as a filter for the quick removal of anionic dyes in low concentration solution.Innate and adaptive immune cell activation and infiltration is the key characteristic of tissue inflammation. The innate immune system is the front line of host defense in which innate immune cells are activated by danger signals, including pathogen- and danger-associated molecular pattern, and metabolite-associated danger signal. Innate immunity activation can directly contribute to tissue inflammation or immune resolution by phagocytosis and secretion of biologically active molecules, or indirectly via antigen-presenting cell (APC) activation-mediated adaptive immune responses. This review article describes the cellular and molecular interplay of innate-adaptive immune systems. Three major mechanisms are emphasized in this article for their role in facilitating innate-adaptive immunity interplay. 1) APC can be formed from classical and conditional innate immune cells to bridge innate-adaptive immune response. 2) Immune checkpoint molecular pairs connect innate and adaptive immune cells to direct one-way and two-way immune checkpoint reactions. 3) Metabolic reprogramming during immune responses leads to excessive cytosolic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Increased NADPH oxidase-derived extracellular and intracellular ROS are mostly responsible for oxidative stress, which contributes to functional changes in immune cells. Further understanding of innate-adaptive immunity interplay and its underlying molecular basis would lead to the identification of therapeutic targets for immunological and inflammatory disease.Q fever (coxiellosis), caused by Coxiella burnetii, is an emerging or re-emerging zoonotic disease of public health significance and with worldwide distribution. As a causal agent of the one among the 13 global priority zoonoses, having the infectious dose as low as one bacterium, C. burnetii has been regarded as an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen. The agent has been classified as a Group B bioterrorism agent by the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the disease is included in the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) list of notifiable diseases. It is mainly transmitted through airborne route in humans and animals. Isolation of C. burnetii, using standard routine laboratory culture techniques was impossible until formulation of axenic-based medium. However, it is still to be included among routinely isolated laboratory pathogen, accounting prolonged incubation period (~7 days) and requirement of specific oxygen concentration (2.5% O2). Therefore, indirect diagnostic tools have been mainly used for its diagnosis. So far serology has been mostly used for testing for C. burnetii infection. The detection of C. burnetii DNA by PCR in various clinical samples have also been widely used. The disease has remained largely under-reported, underdiagnosed and as a masked zoonosis; and therefore, needs to be explored through well-planned scientific studies for knowing its true status and likely it impact in humans and animals by employing state-of-the-art diagnostics, identifying its diverse and new host range, as well as risk factors involved in different geo-climatic, behavioural and social settings as well as risk groups. Here, we reviewed the current approaches used for the detection of C. burnetii infection in humans and animals at the population and individual level.

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